OUTLINE OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE HORSE. 59 



generally affected in all throat diseases, and in colds is nearly 

 always found swollen, hot, and tender. 



Occupying the space between the two bones of the under- 

 jaw, is found the set of submaxillary glands, which also 

 empty through one common channel into the mouth, at the 

 roots of the tongue, and a short distance from the front teeth. 

 In severe colds, the submaxillary gland often enlarges, the 

 little kernels of which it is made up swelling so as to be dis- 

 tinctly felt when pressed upon by the hand. 



The sublingual gland is the smallest of the three. It is 

 situated between the middle of the tongue and the lower 

 jaw, and opens into the same part of the mouth as the sub- 

 maxillary, by a number of minute orifices under the tongue, 

 whose terminations resemble little folds of skin, or tiny blad- 

 ders. These sometimes become inflamed, and then have the 

 appearance of little sores, or ulcers. This is soon corrected 

 by the efforts of Nature alone, in nearly all cases ; but, if it 

 should be thought best to attempt any treatment, the horse's 

 mouth may be washed with the solution of golden seal, or 

 chlorate of potash. 



Besides these glands, there are smaller ones in every part 

 of the mouth, the cheeks, the tongue, the lips, and several 

 other portions of the throat. They all pour out secretions, 

 which enter into the composition of the saliva. 



THE STOMACH AND INTESTINAL ORGANS. 



Although not really included within this division of the 

 horse's anatomy, the oesophagus, or gullet, will be most ap- 

 propriately considered in connection with the digestive appa- 

 ratus. It is a funnel-shaped tube, or bag, of muscular struc- 

 ture, and is lined with mucous membrane — the same in 

 general character as that which is spread over the inside of 

 the mouth and nose. It extends from the pharynx — which 

 is simply a continuation of the extreme back part of the 

 mouth — to the stomach, in its course traversing the whole 

 length of the chest, and passing through an opening in the 

 diaphragm, or midriff. It is, at first, placed behind the 



