DISEASES OF THE THROAT. 291 



some obstruction of the air-passages. This affection of the 

 horse is variously designated, according to its different mani- 

 festations. In England, the sound produced is what decides 

 the name, and hence veterinarians and horsemen in that coun- 

 try speak of roarers, whistlers, wheezers, pipers, etc. There 

 are, also, the terms "thick wind" and "broken wind," both of 

 which are very approp'riate, and, to a certain extent, are in 

 use in this country as well as in Great Britain. Difficulty 

 of breathing, in the Southern States, is known as " bellows," 

 and in the !N'orthern States as " heaves." These terms relate 

 to precisely the same affection — broken wind — and are de- 

 rived from the rapid and labored motion of the animal's 

 flanks in respiration. 



Perhaps it would serve every purpose to include all these 

 distinctive names under one comprehensive term, such as 

 that at the head of this section ; but, as the farmer will 

 probably recognize what they stand for more readily under 

 the customary titles, we will treat separately broken wind, 

 thick wind, and roaring. The former. two are most com- 

 monly the permanent effects left in the wake of those two 

 dreadful diseases bronchitis and pneumonia, or inflammation 

 of the lungs. 



BROKEN WIND, BELLOWS, AND HEAVES. 



The lungs act on the principle of a pair of bellows, worked 

 by the power of the respiratory muscles. If they are im- ^^, 

 paired, and portions of them closed up, it will require a more '*■ 

 labored effort of the muscles to keep them blowing. As ex- 

 ercise increases, the blowing increases also, in both volume 

 and rapidity, and greater exertion is required, of course, to 

 blow the bellows fast than slow. The action of the lungs is 

 thus much quickened, the breathing is short, and the sides 

 puff in and out like a pair of bellows indeed. Hence the 

 name by which this affection goes in Dixie, while the syno- 

 nym " heaves," employed in Yankee-land, originates in the 

 same peculiarity. 



In broken wind, the air is drawn into the lungs — or in- 



