.DISHA^SES OF THE STOMACH AND BOWELS. 315 



death, with the especial object of testing the theory that the 

 hot forces a passage through the walls of the stomach, in all 

 cases, when the disease is not of such a nature as to stupefy 

 him. As he expected, the insects, in considerable numbers, 

 had already cut their way out. 



The hot does not attack the stomach for the purpose of 

 preying upon it, or of injuring the animal, but simply to 

 seek escape from certain death himself. The same disease 

 that is killing the horse threatens his destruction also. An 

 instinct, similar to that which prompts vermin of nearly all 

 kinds to leave a dead or dying carcass, teaches him that his 

 old habitation is no longer a safe one, and hence his des- 

 perate endeavors to get away. He has been found working 

 up to the esophagus, passing through the small intestines, 

 and even cutting through between the ribs almost to the 

 skin itself. If possible, he would escape from the horse 

 entirely. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS — ENTERITIS. 



In all the fatal cases of bots, so-called, there exist other 

 causes amply sufficient to produce death, the large majority 

 being examples of putrid inflammation of the bowels — or 

 enteritis, as it is scientifically designated — very frequently, 

 complicated with stricture. That this disease may be fully 

 understood, it will be necessary to give a short description 

 of the anatom}^ of the parts involved, which are very simi- 

 lar in their structure to the corresponding organs in man. 

 Proceeding from the stomach, the outlet of which is called 

 the pylorus, or pyloric orifice, commences the line of small 

 intestines, in the horse from fifty-four to sixty feet in 

 length, and comprising three divisions, the duodenum, the 

 jejunum, and the illeum. The duodenum is that portion 

 extending from the pylorus to the hepatic or biliary duct, 

 which in the horse empties into the intestines about twenty- 

 two inches from the stomach, or ten inches further than in 

 man. The jejunum occupies about two-fifths of the length 

 which remains, and, as its name implies — jejune, or empty — is 



