. SHOEING. 545 



In Fig. 1, A is the clip at the toe; B^, the outer .quarter; ^2 ^he inner quarter; 

 C*, the outer heel ; (7^, the inner heel. The dark shade represents the con- 

 cave surface to lighten the shoe and keep off pressure from the sole; and 

 the lighter shading the flat surface for the crust of the hoof to bear upon. 



In Fig. 2, A is the toe turned up out of the line of wear; B^, the outer, and B^, 

 the inner quarter ; C^ the out^r, and C*, the inner heel ; the light shade 

 representing the ground surface of the web, as wide at the heels as it is 

 at the toe; the dark line representing the fuller carried back no further 

 than is required by the nails, so that the shoe may not be weakened un- 

 necessarily. 



This should never be made wider at the heels than the 

 foot it is intended for, but should curve inward exactly to 

 correspond on the internal surface with the crust of the hoof. 

 The inner half should be forged of concave shape, making 

 the inner edge much thinner than the outer, so as to keep 

 all pressure off the sole of the foot, and prevent pieces of 

 gravel, which get under the shoe, from doing injury to the 

 foot. The web of the shoe for an ordinary sized horse 

 should be about an inch wide, but varying to the conforma- 

 tion of the foot and use of the horse — always narrower, 

 however, at the heel than at the quarter. The shoe should 

 be attached by a few nails and near the toe.- Three holes 

 on the inside toe and four on the outside quarter, as shown 

 in the cut, are usually sufficient to secure the shoe ; and for 

 light horses, one or two can be dispensed with if the shoe is 

 not too long at the heel and allowed to overlap it. The toe 

 of the shoe should be turned up in a clip, but not enough 

 to interfere with the nail -holes there. Of course calks 

 should be added when the roads are slippery, and they 

 should be of uniform height at heel and toe. The one at the 

 toe should be made of steel and welded into the shoe. 



The following cut represents the bar shoe, of which 

 Walsh says in his highly scientific work : " It is never used 

 in this country (England) for sound feet, but it is a great 

 pity that some modification of it can not be introduced, so 

 as to obviate all the objections which apply to the ordinary 

 shoe. It consists of a complete jing of iron, similar in shape 

 to the ordinary shoe, so far as the back of the quarters, but 

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