DEFENSES OF THE HORSE. 295 



made. It is also used both to give light taps to 

 the horse in order to increase his speed, and like- 

 wise, when necessary, to chastise him moderately 

 and thus make him more obedient. If it can 

 possibly be avoided, a lady should never whip 

 her horse ; but when it is required, one quick, 

 sharp stroke, given at the right time, and with 

 judgment, will subdue him and bring him to his 

 senses. Deliberately to give stroke after stroke, 

 or to flog him, will always do more harm than 

 good, for it will make him wild, vicious, and un- 

 manageable, and the lady will gain nothing by 

 it except the reputation of being a virago. 



When a horse has committed a fault requiring 

 the whip, he knows that the first stroke given 

 is for this fault, and submits ; but he does not 

 understand why the succeeding blows are given, 

 and resents them accordingly. An expert rider 

 will rarely whip her horse, and will never become 

 ancrrv at even the most obstinate resistance on 

 his part, but will, instead, manage him intelli- 

 gently, and subdue him in a subtle way that he 

 cannot comprehend. She will turn his disobe- 

 dient acts against himself in a manner that is 

 mysterious to him, and which will make them 

 appear to him to be the will of his rider. The 

 horse will find himself foiled at every turn, in a 

 way against which he can present no permanent 



