99 DADD S VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 



and from thence extends to tht trachea; but there are, we suspectj 

 very few cases indeed, if any, in which the disease is confined ta 

 the trachea. In cases of croup that have terminated rapidly in 

 Jeath, the inflammation and pseudo-membxanous exudation wliich 

 form so striking a feature in this disease are found only in the 

 larynx and upper portion of the trachea. When death occurs at 

 a later period, the exudation is often pres( nt in the trachea alons, 

 or in the trachea and bronchi. It is never found to exist in the 

 latter tubes alone. It has been attempted to be shown, by JuEiN 

 and others, that in the ordinary form of croup the disease is, in its 

 first stages at least, simply a tracheitis, and that in the more vio- 

 lent and rapid form (suiFocating croup) the inflammation is con- 

 finea to the larynx. Although this is not strictly true, as is jiroved 

 by the result of numerous dissections, yet our observations have 

 shown us that in cases marked by symptoms of great violence, 

 which are sudden in their onset and rapid in their progress, the 

 indications of inflammation are to a much greater extent, and the 

 pseudo-membranous exudation more copious about the larynx, glol 

 tis, and upper portion of the trachea, than in cases in which the 

 disease succeeds to bronchitis, runs a more protracted course, and 

 IS attended by symptoms of less violence. 



The disease generally makes its appearance during the latter 

 part of winter and in early spring, and most frequently occurs 

 among horses just introduced to city life. The subjects such aa 

 the author has had occasion to treat were young, most of them of 

 the lymphatic temperament, having short, thick necks, which 

 abounded in a profuse development of adipose and cellular tissues, 

 which results in a rotund bodily conformation. This, perhaps, 

 goes to show that some hereditary idiosyncrasy plays a part in tl.e 

 creation of the disease. 



Causes. — The indirect causes of the disorder are embraced among 

 the evils of domestication, which include errors in diet, impure 

 air, and bad management. It usually dates its origin from what 

 are generally considered as the causes of common cold. Several 

 days previous to the attack, the animal appears " dum])ish," drowsy, 

 and inactive, having little desire for artificial food, and less for 

 water. The eyes appear somewhat tumefied, and the ra'^pirationa 

 are laborious, having a peculiar, croupy sound, accomj)anied by a 

 distressing cough. The respirations can be lieard at a distance {aa 

 Uie disease progresses); and on making pressure in the region of 



