DISEASES OF ANIMALS. 31 



I he weaker animals are protected from the encroach- 

 ments of t.ie strong and tyrannical ; if it be exposed to 

 the north, put up a high board fence, or other protection, 

 on that side, near the water. 



In summer, stock should not be doomed to get an 

 msuflicient quantity of water from a mud-hole, as is often 

 cjie case, when the fountain is small ; but a good trough, 

 yr other vessel should be provided as a reservoir, that 

 w^ill hold enough for the whole stock, and these should 

 be often cleaned out, that the water may be pure. 



We made the following arrangement where the sup- 

 ply was small, and one or tv/o animals would drink 

 nearly all the water in the spring or fountain, and roil 

 the rest. A duct was laid some feet, to give the water 

 a little elevation. This was covered with earth, and the 

 spring was also covered over. From the duct the water 

 was conducted into a large trough, and then it ran into a 

 half hogshead tub. In this v%-ay, a good supply of pure 

 water was provided for the whole stock, when they aU 

 came to slake their thirst. These vessels were often 

 emptied, and washed out clean. 



Some farmers have provided a good supply of water 

 in their barn-yards, at a cost of fifty or one hundred 

 dollars, and would not now be deprived of it for the 

 interest of five hundred dollars. It is less labor to pump 

 water for stock at the yard, than to go some distance, 

 and keep it clear of snow and ice, and see that the 

 weaker animals can drink ; besides the great saving of 

 manure. 



Cold, hard well-water, is very injurious to animals 

 that are heated. It should stand awhile before using. 

 Hard water, of a suitable temperature, is not injurious 

 to animals that are accustomed to it. Sometimes a 

 change from soft to hard water has an unfavorable effect 

 for a few weeks. 



COOKING FOOD FOR HORSES AND CATTLE 



If grain be ground, it is more easily digested for this 

 operation, ?,nd there is not so much need of cooking it. 

 Green food, su2h as roots, grass, green corn fodder, and 



