storages above ground from 12 to It! inches of shavings are recommended, depending 

 upon the climate, with two ply of sheathing or siding both on the inside and outside. 

 However, in basement storages as described below, this amount of insulation is not 

 required. 



Basement. The basement is dug to a depth of 7 feet below the surface of the 

 ground. Starting 1 foot below the bottom level of the basement, a concrete wall is 

 constructed, having a base width of IS inches and top width of 12 inches, the outside 

 measurement of which is 24 x 36 feet, to a height of 10 feet 6 inches above the 

 bottom level of the basement, leaving the forms in place, as is shown in Fig. 7. 

 Embedded in the concrete are 6-inch G.I. tubes, as shown in drawings. The forms 

 used in building the concrete wall are left in place, with 4-inch studding attached. 

 On the studding fasten one ply of water-proof building-paper and a cellar-wall lining 

 of %-inch T. and G. flooring, or shiplap. If the building is in severe climate, build 

 the concrete form with 8-inch studding, using water-proof building-paper on both 

 sides of studding and filling the spaces with dry mill shavings. 



The floor of the basement is made of 2- x G-inch pieces laid from % to % inch 

 apart on 2- x 8-inch joists, the floor-level being 18 inches above the earth bottom. 



The ceiling of the basement consists of one ply of W.P. paper on the under-side 

 of the joists, then a covering of %-inch T. and G. flooring, this being the exposed 

 ceiling. On the upper side of the joists the flooring of the packing-house consists 

 of %-inch shiplap; one ply W.P. paper; then one layer of %-inch T. and G. flooring. 

 The 8-inch spaces between the joists are filled with dry mill shavings. 



T.'nlcss first lioor is to be later used as a storage-room, the wall-construction 

 should be siding on 2- x 4-inch studding, with ceiling of whatever floor is required 

 in attic. 



Attic. Build to suit needs of builder. 



Elevator. Elevator should be of stock size to suit builder, at end of building 

 near out-loading door, with stairway close by. If impossible to supply an elevator, 

 the basement should have an outside door : 



Windoics. The packing-shed has a window 2^ feet wide by 4^ feet high for 

 each packing- bench, with two similar windows at either end. The basement has 

 three windows at the end of the least exposure, each being 2* feet wide by 2 feet 

 high and double sashed. 



Doors. Tlie packing-shed has an entrance from the drive 6 feet wide by 6 feet 

 4 inches high, double doors swinging each way. A single door is at opposite end, 

 2 feet 6 inches wide by 6 feet 4 inches high. The elevator has doors that may be 

 closed underneath the lift when the same is on a level with the first floor. 



Ventilation. The system of ventilation used may be best understood by studying 

 the diagram in Fig. 8. Its great efficiency comes from securing low temperatures in 

 the fall by gathering up the cold night air without the storage by means of hoods 

 and conducting it through tubes to the space underneath the flooring. Here the 

 temperature of the already cool air is further greatly lowered by passing over the 

 surface of the moist earth bottom, which is kept saturated by flooding. This causes 

 rapid evaporation of the water, which requires a great deal of heat to be taken 

 from the air. As the air spreads out over the bottom of the basement an even 

 distribution of cold air is given to all parts of the storage. The warm air in the 

 storage above rises with the draught of the ventilation-stack above the roof, the same 

 as the chimney from a furnace, tending to make a vacuum in the storage-room. 

 As a result the cold air underneath rises through the ^-inch spaces between the 

 2- x 6-inch flooring, and takes the heat from the fruit, gradually reducing the 

 temperature of the storage-room until it is the same as that outside the storage. 

 In most apple regions of British Columbia the night temperature of the air reaches 

 32 Fahr. at apple-harvesting time. The storage atmosphere does not get too dry 

 due to the moisture underneath the storage, nor overmoist nor stagnant on account 

 of the constant circulation of air. 



Where the earth is very dry or the soil cannot be kept saturated by frequent 

 flooding, large surfaces of water are exposed to the circulation of air by placing long 

 concrete pans or basins under the floor of the storage, well filled with water. If 



