OF INDUSTRIES. 21 



which may be attained by specialisation. But, 

 precisely in proportion as the work required from 

 the individual in modern production becomes 

 simpler and easier to be learned, and, therefore, 

 also more monotonous and wearisome the 

 requirements of the individual for varying his 

 work, for exercising all his capacities, become more 

 and more prominent. Humanity perceives that 

 there is no advantage for the community in 

 riveting a human being for all his life to a 

 given spot, in a workshop or a mine ; no gain in 

 depriving him of such work as would bring him 

 into free intercourse with nature, make of him a 

 conscious part of the grand whole, a partner in 

 the highest enjoyments of science and art, of 

 free work and creation. 



Nations, too, refuse to be specialised. Each 

 nation is a compound aggregate of tastes and 

 inclinations, of wants and resources, of capacities 

 and inventive powers. The territory occupied 

 by each nation is in its turn a most varied texture 

 of soils and climates, of hills and valleys, of slopes 

 leading to a still greater variety of territories and 

 races. Variety is the distinctive feature, both 

 of the territory and its inhabitants ; and that 

 variety implies a variety of occupations. Agri- 

 culture calls manufactures into existence, and 

 manufactures support agriculture. Both are 

 inseparable ; and the combination, the integra- 



