OF INDUSTRIES. 23 



has hitherto insisted chiefly upon division. We 

 proclaim integration ; and we maintain that the 

 ideal of society that is, the state towards 

 which society is already marching is a society 

 of integrated, combined labour. A society where 

 each individual is a producer of both manual 

 and intellectual work ; where each able-bodied 

 human being is a worker, and where each 

 worker works both in the field and the industrial 

 workshop ; where every aggregation of indivi- 

 duals, large enough to dispose of a certain variety 

 of natural resources it may be a nation, or rather 

 a region produces and itself consumes most of 

 its own agricultural and manufactured produce. 

 Of course, as long as society remains organised 

 so as to permit the owners of the land and capital 

 to appropriate for themselves, under the pro- 

 tection of the State and historical rights, the 

 yearly surplus of human production, no such 

 change can be thoroughly accomplished. But 

 the present industrial system, based upon a 

 permanent specialisation of functions, already 

 bears in itself the germs of its proper ruin. The 

 industrial crises, which grow more acute and pro- 

 tracted, and are rendered still worse and still 

 more acute by the armaments and wars implied 

 by the present system, are rendering its main- 

 tenance more and more difficult. Moreover, 

 the workers plainly manifest their intention to 



