OF INDUSTRIES. 33 



manufacturing countries has grown up of late in 

 the United States. In proportion as technical 

 education spreads more and more widely, manu- 

 factures grow in the States ; and they do grow 

 at such a speed an American speed that in a 

 very few years the now neutral markets will be 

 invaded by American goods. 



The monopoly of the first comers on the 

 industrial field has ceased to exist. And it will 

 exist no more, whatever may be the spasmodic 

 efforts made to return to a state of things already 

 belonging to the domain of history. New ways, 

 new issues must be looked for : the past has 

 lived, and it will live no more. 



Before going farther, let me illustrate the 

 march of industries towards the east by a few 

 figures. And, to begin with, let me take the 

 example of Russia. Not because I know it 

 better, but because Russia is one of the latest 

 comers on the industrial field. Fifty years ago 

 she was considered as the ideal of an agricultural 

 nation, doomed by nature itself to supply other 

 nations with food, and to draw her manu- 

 factured goods from the west. So it was, 

 indeed but it is so no more. 



In 1861 the year of the emancipation of the 

 serfs Russia and Poland had only 14,060 manu- 

 factories, which produced every year the value 



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