OF INDUSTRIES. 35 



especially the textile industries and the machinery 

 works, the progress appears still more striking. 

 Thus, if we consider the eighteen years which 

 preceded 1879 (when the import duties were 

 increased by nearly 30 per cent, and a protective 

 policy was definitely adopted), we find that 

 even without protective duties the bulk of 

 production in cottons increased three times, 

 while the number of workers employed in that 

 industry rose by only 25 per cent. The yearly 

 production of each worker had thus grown 

 from 45 to 117. During the next nine years 

 (1880-1889) the yearly returns were more than 

 doubled, attaining the respectable figure of 

 49,000,000 in money and 3,200,000 cwts. in 

 bulk. Since that time, from 1890 to 1900, it 

 has doubled once more, the quantity of raw 

 cotton worked in the Russian factories having 

 increased from 255,000 to 520,700 cwts., and the 

 number of spindles having grown from 3,457,000 

 to 6,646,000 in 1900, and to 8,306,000 in 1910. It 

 must also be remarked that, with a population of 

 165,000,000 inhabitants, the home market for 

 Russian cottons is almost unlimited ; while 

 some cottons are also exported to Persia and 

 Central Asia.* 



* The yearly Imports of raw cotton from Central Asia and 

 Transcaucasia represent, as a rule, about one-tenth part of 

 the total iruportsof raw cotton (l,086,000,aaagainstl 1,923,000 



