OF INDUSTRIES. 39 



figures, and merely say that even in the chief 

 manufacturing provinces of Russia round about 

 Moscow domestic weaving for the trade 

 shows a yearly return of 4,500,000 ; and that 

 even in Northern Caucasia, where the petty 

 trades are of a recent origin, there are, in the 

 peasants' houses, 45,000 looms showing a yearly 

 production of 200,000. 



As to the mining industries, notwithstanding 

 over-protection, and notwithstanding the com- 

 petition of fuelwood and naphtha,* the output 

 of the coal mines of Russia has doubled during 

 the years 1896-1904, and in Poland it has in- 

 creased fourfold.f Nearly all steel, three-quarters 

 of the iron, and two-thirds of the pig-iron used 

 in Russia are home produce, and the eight 

 Russian works for the manufacture of steel rails 

 are strong enough to throw on the market 

 over 10,000,000 cwts. of rails every year 

 (10,068,000 cwts. in 1910)4 



It is no wonder, therefore, that the imports 

 of manufactured goods into Russia are so in- 

 significant, and that since 187-0 that is, nine 



* Out of the 1,500 steamers which ply on Russian rivers 

 one-quarter are heated with naphtha, and one-half with wood ; 

 wood is also the chief fuel of the railways and ironworks in 

 the Urals. 



f The output was, in 1910, 24,146,000 tons in European 

 Russia, and 1,065,000 tons in Siberia. 

 J See Appendix C. 



