OF INDUSTRIES. 47 



tools and machinery produced in this country. 

 (See Appendix E.) I hardly need mention the 

 superior make of German scientific apparatus. 

 It is well known to scientific men, even in France. 



In consequence of the above, the imports of 

 manufactured goods into Germany are, as a 

 rule, in decline. The aggregate imports of tex- 

 tiles (inclusive of yarn) stand so low as to be com- 

 pensated by nearly equal values of exports. And 

 there is no doubt that not only the German 

 markets for textiles will be soon lost for other 

 manufacturing countries, but that German 

 competition will be felt stronger and stronger 

 both in the neutral markets and those of Western 

 Europe. One can easily win applause from 

 uninformed auditories by exclaiming with more 

 or less pathos that German produce can never 

 equal the English ! The fact is, that it competes 

 in cheapness, and sometimes also where it is 

 needed in an equally good workmanship ; 

 and this circumstance is due to many causes. 



The " cheap labour " cause, so often alluded 

 to in discussions about " German competition," 

 which take place in this country and in France, 

 must be dismissed by this time, since it has 

 been well proved by so many recent investiga- 

 tions that low wages and long hours do not 

 necessarily mean cheap produce. Cheap labour 

 and protection simply mean the possibility for 



