56 THE DECENTRALISATION 



kind, which indicates that the Indian (spinning) 

 mills are gradually gaining hold of the home 

 markets." Consequently, while India continued 

 to import nearly the same amount of British 

 cotton goods and yarn (from 16,000,000 to 

 25,700,000 in 1900-1908), she threw already 

 in 1887 on the foreign markets no less than 

 3,635,510 worth of her own cottons of Lanca- 

 shire patterns ; she exported 33,000,000 yards of 

 gray cotton piece goods manufactured hi India by 

 Indian workmen. And the export has continued 

 to grow since, so that in the year 1910-1911 

 the value of the piece-goods and yarn exported 

 from India reached the value of 7,943,700. 



The jute factories in India have grown at a 

 still speedier rate, and the once nourishing jute 

 trade of Dundee was brought to decay, not only 

 by the high tariffs of continental powers, but also 

 by Indian competition.* Even woollen mills 

 have lately been started ; while the iron industry 

 took a sudden development in India, since the 

 means were found, after many experiments and 

 failures, to work furnaces with local coal. In a 



* In 1882 they had 5,633 looms and 95,937 spindles. Thir- 

 teen years later these figures were already doubled there 

 being 10,600 looms and 216,000 spindles. Now, or rather in 

 1909-1910, we find 60 jute mills, with 31,420 looms, 645,700 

 spindles, and 204,000 workpeople. The progress realised in the 

 machinery is best seen from these figures. The exports of jute 

 stuffs from India, which were only 1,543,870 in 1884-1885, 

 reached 11,333,000 in 1910-1911. (See Appendix H.) 



