OF INDUSTRIES. 71 



What has happened with regard to cottons is 

 going on also with regard to other industries. 

 Great Britain, which stood in 1880 at the head 

 of the list of countries producing pig-iron, came 

 in 1904 the third in the same list, which was 

 headed by the United States and Germany ; 

 while Russia, which occupied the seventh place 

 in 1880, comes now fourth, after Great Britain.* 

 Britain and Belgium have no longer the monopoly 

 of the woollen trade. Immense factories at 

 Verviers are silent ; the Belgian weavers are 

 misery-stricken, while Germany yearly increases 

 her production of woollens, and exports nine 

 times more woollens than Belgium. Austria has 

 her own woollens and exports them ; Riga, 

 Lodz, and Moscow supply Russia with fine wool- 

 len cloths ; and the growth of the woollen in- 

 dustry in each of the last-named countries calls 

 into existence hundreds of connected trades. 



For many years France has had the monopoly 

 of the silk trade. Silkworms being reared in 

 Southern France, it was quite natural that 

 Lyons should grow into a centre for the manu- 

 facture of silks. Spinning, domestic weaving, 

 and dyeing works developed to a great extent. 

 But eventually the industry took such an 



* J. Stephen Jeans, The Iron Trade of Great Britain (London, 

 Methuen), 1905, p. 46. The reader will find in this interesting 

 little work valuable data concerning the growth and improve- 

 ment of the iron industry in different countries. 



