CHAPTER VI. 



SMALL INDUSTRIES AND INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 



Industry and agriculture The small industries Different types 

 Petty trades in Great Britain: Sheffield, Leeds, Lake Dis- 

 trict, Birmingham Statistical data Petty trades in 

 France: Weaving and various other trades The Lyons 

 region Paris, emporium of petty trades Results of the 

 census of 1896. 



THE two sister arts of agriculture and in- 

 dustry were not always so estranged from 

 one another as they are now. There was a time, 

 and that time is not so far back, when both 

 were thoroughly combined ; the villages were 

 then the seats of a variety of industries, and the 

 artisans in the cities did not abandon agricul- 

 ture ; many towns were nothing else but in- 

 dustrial villages. If the mediaeval city was the 

 cradle of those industries which bordered upon 

 art and were intended to supply the wants of the 

 richer classes, still it was the rural manufacture 

 which supplied the wants of the million, as it 

 does until the present day in Russia, and to a 

 very great extent in Germany and France. 

 But then came the water-motors, steam, the 



