INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 255 



women and children are employed, as also all the 

 bakeries. The others were not submitted to 

 inspection at the time when this table was 

 compiled. There is, nevertheless, a means to 

 find out the approximate numbers of workpeople 

 employed in the workshops. The number of 

 women and female children employed in the 

 workshops in 1897 was 356,098, and the number 

 of men and boys was 320,678. But, as the pro- 

 portion of male workers to the female in all 

 the factories was 2,654,716 males to 1,152,308 

 females, we may admit that the same proportion 

 prevails in the workshops. This would give 

 for the latter something like 820,000 male 

 workers, and 1,176,000 persons of both sexes, 

 employed in 147,000 workshops. At the same 

 time, the grand total of persons employed 

 in industry (exclusive of mining) would be 

 4,983,000. 



We can thus say that nearly one- fourth (24 per 

 cent.) of all the industrial workers of this country 

 are working in workshops having less than eight to 



ten workers per establishment* 



m 



* The Chief Inspector, Mr. Whitelegge, wrote to me In 1900 

 that the workshops which did not enter into his reports 

 represented about one-half of all the workshops. Since that 

 time Mr. Whitelegge has continued to publish his interesting 

 reports, adding to them new groups of workshops. However, 

 they still remain incomplete to some extent as regards this last 

 point. In the last Report, published in 1911, we see that 

 147,000 workshops were registered at the end of 1907, and 



