INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 269 



sanitary apparatus, and various instruments 

 (twenty-five), even of boilers (forty-eight per 

 factory), chains, cables, and anchors (in many 

 districts this work, as also the making of nails, 

 is made by hand by women), 



Needless to say that the fabrication of fur- 

 niture, which occupies nearly 64,000 opera- 

 tives, belongs chiefly more than three- 

 fourths of it to the small industry. The 

 average for the 1,979 factories of this branch 

 is only twenty-one workpeople, the work- 

 shops not being included in this number. The 

 same is true of the factories for the curing of 

 fish, machine-made pastry, and so on, which 

 occupy 38,030 workpeople in more than 2,700 

 factories, having thus an average of fourteen 

 operatives each. 



Jewelry and the manufacture of watches, 

 photographic apparatus, and all sorts of luxury 

 articles, again belong to the small and very 

 small industry, and give occupation to 54,000 

 persons. 



All that belongs to printing, lithography, 

 bookbinding, and stationery again represents 

 a vast field occupied by the small industry, 

 which prospers by the side of a small number of 

 very large establishments. More than 120,000 

 are employed in these branches hi more than 

 6,000 factories (workshops not yet included). 



