INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 271 



report, 88,814 workshops, in which 676,776 

 workpeople (356,098 women) were employed 

 in 1897. But, as we have already seen, these 

 figures are incomplete. The number of work- 

 shops is about 147,000, and there must be 

 about 1,200,000 persons employed in them 

 (820,000 men and about 356,000 women and 

 children). 



It is evident that this class comprises a very 

 considerable number of bakers, small carpenters, 

 tailors, cobblers, cartwrights, village smiths, 

 and so on. But there is also in this class an 

 immense number of workshops belonging to in- 

 dustry, properly speaking that is, workshops 

 which manufacture for the great commercial 

 market. Some of these workshops may of 

 course employ fifty persons or more, but the 

 immense majority employ only from five to 

 twenty workpeople each. 



We thus find in this class 1,348 small estab- 

 lishments, scattered both in the villages and 

 the suburbs of great cities, where nearly 14,000 

 persons make lace, knitting, embroidery, and 

 weaving in hand-looms ; more than 100 small 

 tanneries, more than 20,000 cartwrights, and 

 746 small bicycle makers. In cutlery, in the 

 fabrication of tools and small arms, nails and 

 screws, and even anchors and anchor chains, 

 we find again many thousands of small work- 



