282 SMALL INDUSTRIES AND 



shape, they are still made by hand, or partly 

 with the aid of small machines, continually in- 

 vented by the workers. New industries thus 

 grow up to supplant the old ones ; each of them 

 passes through a preliminary stage on a small 

 scale before reaching the great factory stage ; 

 and the more active the inventive genius of a 

 nation is, the more it has of these budding 

 industries. The countless small bicycle works 

 which have lately grown up in this country, 

 and are supplied with ready-made parts of the 

 bicycle by the larger factories, are an instance 

 in point. The domestic and small workshops 

 fabrication of boxes for matches, boots, hats, 

 confectionery, grocery and so on is another 

 familiar instance. 



Besides, the large factory stimulates the birth 

 of new petty trades by creating new wants. 

 The cheapness of cottons and woollens, of paper 

 and brass, has created hundreds of new small 

 industries. Our households are full of their 

 produce mostly things of quite modern inven- 

 tion. And while some of them already are 

 turned out by the million in the great factory, 

 all have passed through the small workshop 

 stage, before the demand was great enough to 

 require the great factory organisation. The more 

 we may have of new inventions, the more shall 

 we have of such small industries ; and again, 



