INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 301 



and none of the misery of big cities is to be seen. 

 At Jupilles and in the surrounding country other 

 varieties of wooden goods are produced : taps, 

 boxes of different kinds, together with wooden 

 shoes ; while at the forest of Vibraye two 

 workshops have been erected for turning out 

 umbrella handles by the million for all France. 

 One of these workshops having been founded 

 by a worker sculptor, he has invented and 

 introduced in his workshop the most ingenious 

 machine-tools. About 150 men work at this 

 factory ; but it is evident that half a dozen 

 smaller workshops, scattered in the villages, 

 would have answered equally well. 



Going now over to a quite different region 

 the Nievre, in the centre of France, and Haute 

 Marne, in the east we find that both regions 

 are great centres for a variety of small in- 

 dustries, some of which are maintained by 

 associations of workers, while others have 

 grown up in the shadow of factories. The 

 small iron workshops which formerly covered 

 the country have not disappeared : they have 

 undergone a transformation ; and now the 

 country is covered with small workshops where 

 agricultural machinery, chemical produce, and 

 pottery are fabricated ; " one ought to go as 

 far as Guerigny and Fourchambault to find 



