INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 305 



that part, at least, of the Swiss watch-makers 

 have strenuously fought against the necessity 

 of being enrolled in the factories, and that 

 while watch factories grew up at Geneva and 

 elsewhere, considerable numbers of the watch- 

 makers have taken to divers other trades which 

 continue to be carried on as domestic or small 

 industries. I must only add that in the French 

 Jura great numbers of watch-makers were at 

 the same time owners of their houses and 

 gardens, very often of bits of fields, and 

 especially of communal meadows, and that the 

 communal fruitier es, or creameries, for the 

 common sale of butter and cheese, are widely 

 spread in that part of France. 



So far as I could ascertain, the development 

 of the machine-made watch industry has not 

 destroyed the small industries of the Jura hills. 

 The watch-makers have taken to new branches, 

 and, as in Switzerland, they have created 

 various new industries. From Ardouin Du- 

 mazet's travels we can, at anyrate, borrow an 

 insight into the present state of the southern 

 part of this region. In the neighbourhoods of 

 Nantua and Cluses silks are woven in nearly all 

 villages, the peasants giving to weaving their 

 spare time from agriculture, while quite a 

 number of small workshops (mostly less than 

 twenty looms, one of 100 looms) are scattered 



