INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 311 



into the service of this domestic industry, sup- 

 plying motive power to the looms. 



To the south of Lyons, in the city of Vienne, 

 hand-weaving is disappearing. " Shoddy " is 

 now the leading produce, and twenty-eight 

 concerns only remain out of the 120 fahriques 

 which existed thirty years ago. Old woollen 

 rags, rags of carpets, and all the dust from 

 the carding and spinning in the wool and 

 cotton factories of Northern France, with a 

 small addition of cotton, are transformed here 

 into cloth which flows from Vienne to all the 

 big cities of France 20,000 yards of " shoddy " 

 every day to supply the ready-made clothing 

 factories. Hand-weaving has evidently nothing 

 to do in that industry, and in 1890 only 1,300 

 hand-looms were at work out of the 4,000 

 which were in motion in 1870. Large factories, 

 employing a total of 1,800 workers, have taken 

 the place of these hand-weavers, while " shoddy " 

 has taken the place of cloth. All sorts of 

 flannels, felt hats, tissues of horse-hair, and so 

 on, are fabricated at the same time. But 

 while the great factory thus conquered the city 

 of Vienne, its suburbs and its nearest surround- 

 ings became the centre of a prosperous garden- 

 ing and fruit culture, which has already been 

 mentioned in chapter iv. 



The banks of the Rhone, between Ampuis 



