INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 335 



for the sale of the artisans' work is soon re- 

 ported as a " political association " and sub- 

 mitted as such to the usual limitations, such as 

 the exclusion of women and the like * A s^rik- 

 ing example of that policy as regards a village 

 association was given by Prof. Issaieff, who 

 also mentioned the severe measures taken by 

 the wholesale buyers in the toy trade to prevent 

 the workers from entering into direct intercourse 

 with foreign buyers. 



When one examines with more than a super- 

 ficial attention the life of the small industries 

 and their struggles for life, one sees that when 

 they perish, they perish not because " an 

 economy can be realised by using a hundred 

 horse-power motor, instead of a hundred small 

 motors " this inconveniency never fails to 

 be mentioned, although it is easily obviated in 

 Sheffield, in Paris, and many other places by 

 hiring workshops with wheel-power, supplied 

 by a central machine, and, still more, as was 

 so truly observed by Prof. W. Unwin, by the 

 electric transmission of power. They do not 

 perish because a substantial economy can be 

 realised in the factory production in many more 

 cases than is usually supposed, the fact is even 



* See the discussions in the Reichstag in January, 1909, on 

 the Polish Syndicates, and the application that is made to 

 them of the paragraph of the law of the associations relative 

 to language (Sprachenparagraph}. 



