INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 339 



drawn from a study of the small industries in 

 Germany and elsewhere. And it may be 

 safely said, with regard to Germany, that if 

 measures are not taken for driving the peasants 

 from the land on the same scale as they have 

 been taken in this country ; if, on the con- 

 trary, the numbers of small landholders multi- 

 ply, they necessarily will turn to various small 

 trades, in addition to agriculture, as they have 

 done, and are doing, in France. Every step 

 that may be taken, either for awakening intel- 

 lectual life in the villages, or for assuring the 

 peasants' or the country's rights upon the 

 land, will necessarily further the growth of 

 industries in the villages. 



In this light it is extremely interesting to 

 see the figures as to the distribution of the 

 German industries into a small, middle-sized, 

 and great industry, which are given by three 

 industrial censuses taken during the last thirty 

 years. But for these figures I refer the reader 

 to the Appendix.* 



Petty Trades in other Countries. 



If it were worth extending our inquiry to 

 other countries, we should find a vast field 

 for most interesting observations in Switzer- 

 land. There we should see the same vitality 

 * See Appendix X. 



