350 SMALL INDUSTRIES A1ST) 



crisis has compelled the domestic worker to 

 abandon his last plot of land to the usurer, 

 misery creeps into his house. The sweater be- 

 comes all-powerful, frightful overwork is resorted 

 to, and the whole trade often falls into decay. 



Such facts, as well as the pronounced ten- 

 dency of the factories towards migrating to 

 the villages, which becomes more and more 

 apparent nowadays, and found of late its ex- 

 pression in the ' Garden Cities ' movement, are 

 very suggestive. Of course, it would be a 

 great mistake to imagine that industry ought 

 to return to its hand-work stage in order to be 

 combined with agriculture. Whenever a saving 

 of human labour can be obtained by means of 

 a machine, the machine is welcome and will be 

 resorted to ; and there is hardly one single 

 branch of industry into which machinery work 

 could not be introduced with great advantage, 

 at least at some of the stages of the manu- 

 facture. In the present chaotic state of in- 

 dustry, nails and cheap pen-knives can be 

 made by hand, and plain cottons be woven in 

 the hand-loom ; but such an anomaly will 

 not last. The machine will supersede hand- 

 work in the manufacture of plain goods. But 

 at the same time, handwork very probably 

 will extend its domain in the artistic finishing 

 of many things which ara now made entirely 



