356 SMALL INDUSTRIES AND 



building yards, and shipbuilding yards must 

 be surrounded by a variety of workshops and 

 factories. The industries will always find some 

 advantages in being grouped, to some extent, 

 according to the natural features of separate 

 regions. But we must recognise that now 

 they are not at all grouped according to those 

 features. Historical causes chiefly religious 

 wars and national rivalries have had a good 

 deal to do with their growth and their present 

 distribution ; still more so the employers were 

 guided by considerations as to the facilities 

 for sale and export that is, by considerations 

 which are already losing their importance with 

 the increased facilities for transport, and will 

 lose it still more when the producers produce 

 for themselves, and not for customers far 

 away. 



Why, in a rationally organised society, ought 

 London to remain a great centre for the jam 

 and preserving trade, and manufacture um- 

 brellas for nearly the whole of the United 

 Kingdom ? Why should the countless White- 

 chapel petty trades remain where they are, 

 instead of being spread all over the country ? 

 There is no reason whatever why the mantles 

 which are worn by English ladies should be 

 sewn at Berlin and in Whitechapel, instead of 

 in Devonshire or Derbyshire. Why should 



