INDUSTRIAL VILLAGES. 357 



Paris refine sugar for almost the whole of 

 France ? Why should one-half of the boots 

 and shoes used in the United States be manu- 

 factured in the 1,500 workshops of Massachu- 

 setts ? There is absolutely no reason why 

 these and like anomalies should persist. The 

 industries must be scattered all over the world ; 

 and the scattering of industries amidst all civil- 

 ised nations will be necessarily followed by a 

 further scattering of factories over the territories 

 of each nation. 



In the course of this evolution, the natural 

 produce of each region and its ^geographical 

 conditions certainly will be one of the factors 

 which will determine the character of the in- 

 dustries going to develop in this region. But 

 when we see that Switzerland has become a 

 great exporter of steam-engines, railway engines, 

 and steam-boats although she has no iron ore 

 and no coal for obtaining steel, and even has 

 no seaport to import them ; when we see that 

 Belgium has succeeded in being a great ex- 

 porter of grapes, and that Manchester has 

 managed to become a seaport we understand 

 that in the geographical distribution of in- 

 dustries, the two factors of local produces and 

 of an advantageous position by the sea are not 

 yet the dominant factors. We begin to under- 

 stand that, all taken, it is the intellectual factor 



