366 BRAIN WORK AND 



with handicraft. Surely there are such men ; 

 happily enough there is a nucleus of men who 

 have escaped, the so-much-advocated specialisa- 

 tion of labour, and it is precisely to them that 

 industry owes its chief recent inventions. But 

 in old Europe, at least, they are the exceptions ; 

 they are the irregulars the Cossacks who have 

 broken the ranks and pierced the screens so care- 

 fully erected between the classes. And they 

 are so few, in comparison with the ever-growing 

 requirements of industry and of science as 

 weU, as I am about to prove that all over the 

 world we hear complaints about the scarcity 

 of precisely such men. 



What is the meaning, in fact, of the outcry 

 for technical education which has been raised 

 at one and the same time in England, in France, 

 in Germany, in the States, and in Russia, if it 

 does not express a general dissatisfaction with 

 the present division into scientists, scientific 

 engineers, and workers ? Listen to those who 

 know industry, and you will see that the sub- 

 stance of their complaints is this : " The 

 worker whose task has been specialised by the 

 permanent division of labour has lost the 

 intellectual interest in his labour, and it is 

 especially so in the great industries : he has lost 

 his inventive powers. Formerly, he invented 

 very much. Manual workers not men of 



