MANUAL WORK. 399 



ing-machine, the lace-machine, the lighthouse, 

 the macadamised road, photography in black 

 and in colours, and thousands of less important 

 things, have not been invented by professional 

 men of science, although none of them would 

 have refused to associate his name with any of 

 the above-named inventions ? Men who hardly 

 had received any education at school, who had 

 merely picked up the crumbs of knowledge from 

 the tables of the rich, and who made their 

 experiments with the most primitive means 

 the attorney's clerk Smeaton, the instrument- 

 maker Watt, the brakesman Stephenson, the 

 jeweller's apprentice Fulton, the millwright 

 Rennie, the mason Telford, and hundreds of 

 others whose very names remain unknown, 

 were, as Mr. Smiles justly says, " the real makers 

 of modern civilisation " ; while the professional 

 men of science, provided with all means for 

 acquiring knowledge and experimenting, have 

 invented little in the formidable array of 

 implements, machines, and prime-motors which 

 has shown to humanity how to utilise and to 

 manage the forces of nature.* The fact is 



* Chemistry is, to a great extent, an exception to the rule. 

 Is it not because the chemist is to such an extent a manual 

 worker ? Besides, during the last ten years we see a decided 

 revival in scientific inventiveness, especially in physics that is, 

 in a branch in which the engineer and the man of science meet 

 so much together. 



