APPENDIX. 425 



F. COTTON INDUSTRY IN GERMANY. 



Dr. G. Schulze-Gaewernitz, in his excellent work, 

 The Cotton Trade in England and on the Continent 

 (English translation by Oscar S. Hall, London, 1895), 

 called attention to the fact that Germany had certainly 

 not yet attained, in her cotton industry, the high 

 technical level of development attained by England ; 

 but he showed also the progress realised. The cost 

 of each yard of plain cotton, notwithstanding low wages 

 and long hours, was still greater in Germany than in 

 England, as seen from the following tables. Taking a 

 certain quality of plain cotton in both countries, he 

 gave (p. 151, German edition) the following comparative 

 figures : 



England. Germany. 



Hours of labour 9 hours 12 hours 



Average weekly earnings of the 



operatives ...... 16s. 3d. 11s. 8d. 



Yards woven per week per opera- 

 tive 706 yards 466 yards 



Cost per yard of cotton . . . 0'275d. O303d. 



But he remarked also that in all sorts of printed 

 cottons, in which fancy, colours and invention play a 

 predominant part, the advantages were entirely on the 

 side of the smaller German factories. 



In the spinning mills the advantages, on the con- 

 trary, continued to remain entirely on the side of Eng- 

 land, the number of operatives per 1,000 spindles being 

 in various countries as follows (p. 91, English edition) : 



Per 1000 spindles. 



Bombay 25 operatives. 



Italy 13 



Alsace .......... 9 



Mulhouse ......... 7i 



