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red biiid. The aggregate fruits of the Hiimulus Lupulus are strobiles or calkins ; in commerce 

 termed hops. The lupuline glands or grains commonly termed yellow powder or lupulin are the 

 most valuable part of the strobule. 



It is a native of Britain and most parts of Europe.* It is no where cultivated in the East, and 

 although it grows wild in Asia, its flowers are put to no useful purpose. The generic name, 

 humulus, is formed from humus, " fresh earth," the hop growing only in rich soils, and the specific 

 name, lupulus, is a contraction from lupus salictarius, a name by which it was formerly called, 

 because it grew among the willows, to which, by twining around and choking up, it proved as 

 destructive as the wolf to the flock. The current name hop seems to proceed from the Anglo- 

 Saxon, happen, to cUmb. 



There has been much legislation in England on this plant ; its cultivation was forbidden by 

 Hemy VI. Brewers were forbidden to use them in beer by Henry VIII., and grounds were set apart 

 for their cultivation by Edward VI. In the time of James I. an act was passed to prevent the 

 importation of bad hops. A duty of £1 was laid on them in 1690 ; the concealment of them is now 

 attended with a penalty of £20 ; and any person cutting ofl" hop binds is, if convicted, guilty of felony 

 without benefit of clergy. Without question the hop is indigenous to this country, being frequently 

 found growing wild. The best soil for its production is a rich sandy, gravelly loam — some say 

 containing much calcarious matter. Baron Von Speck says that his grounds are found by analysis 

 to contain not the least particle of lime.f It should be rich to a considerable depth or made so 

 artificially ; the sub soil must be dry, and one of a porous rocky character is preferred. A southern 

 exposure on a declivity or m a well sheltered valley is desirable. Old rich pastures make good hop 

 gardens. The soil should be highly enriched and most thoroughly ploughed and harrowed. Baron 

 Von Speck says, in Summer and Autumn, before planting, the land which was mostly in lucern' 

 was twice plentifully and twice ordinarily manm-ed, and ploughed in broad beds, with a four horse 

 plough, very deep set, passed twice in each furrow.| In the Spring it was again repeatedly ploughed 

 and divided into beds. A very large quantity of the richest fertilizing matter should be incorporated 



* The following distich, from Baker's Chronicle, has led to the impression that it is not a native of Britain : — 



" Hops, Reformation, bays and beer 

 Came into England all in one year." 



t Die angewandten Reagenzien zeigten in beiden Bodenarten kaum eine Spur von Kalk. 



X Schon im Sommer und Herbst vor der Anlage wurde das Land, welches meistens Luzernfeld war, zweimal stark, zweimal 

 gewohnlich gedungt, und dann zweimal 1 1-2 Fusz lief in breite Beete gepflugt welches letztere man durch zvvei hintereinander 

 In einer Furche fahrende vierspannige, Pfliige, die tief gestellt waren, bewerkstelligte. 



