R. 



PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. S2 NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural Warehouse.)— T. G. FESSENDE^, EDITOR. 



VOL,. X. 



BOSTO.V, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 27, 1831. 



NO. a^ 



cscaio;iai2r£r:nsii.sa©ErS9 



CUT'I'ING TliKES. 



Mr Fesse.nue.v — !ii the last iiiiinber of the 

 New Eiiglaiul Faririor, pag-e 1, your coirespoii- 

 Oeiit Mr J. S. Pahiier oC Petrrhoro', New York, 

 tlh'ccls that trees shoulil be cut when the 

 sa|) is up, if it is desirable that the stumps slioiiUI 

 ;prout, and observes ' that most of our forest trees 

 do not produce sprouts or suckers from the 



imps or roots if cut in winter.' 



This, Sir, is directly opposed to all my observa- 

 tions aud experience on the subject. Having 

 woodland IVoni which 1 have cut annually, for 

 several years past, from twenty, to filty cords of 

 wood, it has been my practice to have it cut at 

 the time, and in the manner that would best insiu-e 

 a strong and vigorous growth of sprouts. To 

 effect this i)urpose I never allow a tree to be cut 

 till after the autumnal frosts have caused the 

 leaves to fall, and tho sa]) to descend to the roots, 

 nor later in the venial season than the middle of 

 April. The manner of cutting is to leave the 

 stumps nearly on a level with the surface of the 

 ground, from which, the suckers are much more 

 strong and vigorous, and less liable to be injnreil 

 by high winds, than a growth from stumjis cut 

 twelve or fifteen inches Idgh, as is the practice of 

 some. 



Pursuing this course I have never been dis- 

 ap|)ointed, and have now on land, from which 

 trees were cut in the midst of winter, a growth 

 of sprouts of the most vigorous and promising 

 ajipearance. 



Respecting large trees, the growth of eenturics, 

 cut them at whatsoever season you please, there 

 is scarcely one stump in a thousand that will pro- 

 duce suckers. 



In a community where fuel is an expensive 

 article, every proprietor of woodland should 

 manage it in such a way, as not only to be profit- 

 able to himself, but, as shall preserve the growth 

 for the generation to come. 



I am. Sir, respectfully', 



Your obedient servant, 



Lynnjield, July 23, 1831. J, Newhall. 



BEKS. 



Mr Fessf.nden — Any experiments made in 

 the manageuiont of Bees if succe-sful, ought to 

 be made public, fur the benefit of those who have 

 old honey or full hives. . 



I purchased in the fill of 1829 a small swarm 

 of Bees ; they worked well through the simmier 

 following, but did not swarm. In the spring ol 

 1830 1 had a tight house made agreably to Doct 

 Thachcr's method, and an empty hive put by the 

 Bide of the old 'oi>^ and opened a couunnnicatinn 

 throngh.jlic new' hi^e ; the Bi^es made some honey 

 in the hive aud considerable in the house ; in July 

 I turned the old hive upside down and put a new 

 one on top and the Bi:es went to work in the new 

 hive, continuing the •comb upwards from the (dd 

 to the fop oftlio new hive. About 10 days since, 

 I determined to drive the bees from the'old hive 

 into a new one ; I separated the top from the old 

 hive hy cutting with a large knife the comb across 

 the bottom, and took off the top hive and set it on 



the stanil and llien replaced the old hive on its 

 bottom and in a few days found I had got two 

 separate colonies of Bees. Monday morning, the 

 11th, 1 drove the bees with water from the old 

 hive into a new one without losing a hundred 

 bees, and obtained 30 lbs. of honey and cond>. I 

 used a new apparatus invented by a gentleman for 

 his own convenience, who 1 hope will get a patent 

 for it and make it as public as possible. We put 

 two pieces of comb containing some of the young 

 brood and fastened them in the top of the hive 

 previousto letting the bees in. This day, Saturday 

 lOtti, the bees are to work in both hives, busily 

 eni|doyed in increasing their stock for the winter. 

 If you think tho above will be of any use to the 

 keeper of bees, you are at liberty to publish it. 

 jYewburyport, July 16. Essex. 



From the Gardener's Mag:iziiie. 



ON THE DISEASES OF FRUIT TREES IN 

 AMERICA. 



Sir — Our fruit trees are subject to some diseases, 

 which do not seem to trouble the European gar- 

 dener and orchardist. I shall notice a few of 

 them, in the hope that you, or some or your cor- 

 respondents, may aid us in discovering the cause 

 and cure. 



The plum and morello cheiry trees are disfig 

 iired and destroyed by a sjiecies of gangrene 

 The limbs of these trees, and the trunks, when 

 small, swell, crack, and exhibit irregular tumors, 

 of a spongy appearance, which are first green, but 

 cliange to a black color. The branch soon dies ; 

 the sap seems to become vitiated, and, if the dis- 

 eased parts are not amputated, the entire tree gen- 

 erally fails in one or two seasons. An insect, in 

 its larva state, is generally found in the recent tu- 

 mors, which Professor Peck has denominated the 

 Khyncha;'nus cerasi ; the same, he thinks, which 

 occasions the fall of peaches, apricots, and iilums 

 (a formidadle evil liere), by the larva eating into 

 the kernel of those fruits long ere they have attain- 

 ed their growth ; or another species of the same 

 genus. The first conclusion is probably not cor- 

 rect ; for the fruit, in many localities, is destroy- 

 ed, where the trees have continued healthy. The 

 only efficient remedy that I am advised of, is to 

 cut off and burn the affected parts. All of our 

 stone and many of our seed fruits are grievously 

 injured by insects, which prey upon them in the 

 early stage of their growth, and cause them to 

 drop. Although we can identify the enemy, we 

 are without tho means of repelling his attacks. 



We have lost many of our pear trees by what 

 is here termed the blight. The disease is gener- 

 ally first discovered upon the smaller branches, of- 

 ten at a distance from their extremities, by the 

 leaves and bark, at a particular point, becoming 

 black anil dead. The foliage and wood above ai>- 

 pear fresh and green for some days. Ait other 

 times, the bark upon the trunk, or at the junction 

 i)f the main branches, becoiues dead in irregular 

 bliitclie.=;, contracts, and ultimately separates from 

 the wood. In three instances, this season, I have 

 found a circle of bark upon the trunk wholly deail 

 while all above apjieared healthy and vigorous 

 The seat of the disease seems to be in the cam- 

 bium, or elaborated sap, which becojiies a medi. 



um for its extension. The progress of the disease 

 is rapid, in proportion to the vigor of growth in 

 the tiee ; rich soils and wet seasons being most 

 prejudicial. The evil is confined to no soil or sit- 

 uation, though it is less prevalent in stiff grounds 

 and grass lands. The apple and quince appear 

 to be generally though less seriously affected. 

 Some [iretend .to trai-e the evil to an insect, the 

 Scolytus pyif; yet my observatious have tended 

 rather to multiply than to dissipate the doubts 

 which I have bad as to the cause of the malady. 

 The gooseberry and the grape, particularly the 

 foreign varieties of tlie latter, are very liable to 

 be destroyed by mildew, when partially grown ; 

 and three fillhs of these crops are thus usually 

 lost. 



A subscription is circulat'iig among us to raise 

 2000 dollars, to be awarded as a premium for the 

 discovery of a preventive of the depredations of 

 insects upon our stone fruit. Any thing you can 

 offer, therefore, upon the subject of the preceding 

 remarks, will be particularly interesting to your 

 American readers, of whom there are many, and 

 the number is likely to increase as we advance in 

 horticultural ini|)rovement. Your publications are 

 much sought after, and highly valued. The So- 

 ciety of this place, of which I am president, sub- 

 scribes to your Magazine. We have in this state six 

 horitcultural societies. The subjects of educatioiv 

 and rural improvement are the popular topics of 

 tho day. We have a respectable Lyceum in thi.* 

 city, which has published a volume of Transac- 

 tions, consisting of original papers in rclalioii to the 

 natural sciences. The volume will be sent to you 

 if you desire it. gi^.v as disappointed in not finding 

 a descripticft c^alo§Tie of fruits in your Encyclo- 

 pcedia of plants. 1 think you promised one. Can- 

 not you send me such a catalogue ? 



In a former letter I took the liberty of request- 

 ing your good offices in establishing a correspon- 

 dence with some respectable nurseryman of your 

 country ; and 1 believe Iliave occasionally sent you 

 some cuttings of fruit, and pamphlets that I 

 thought woidd be interesting. I have made like- 

 communications to the Horticultural Society. I 

 have not yet had the satisfaction of learning, from 

 you or from Mr Sabine, whether iny cuttings or 

 my requests have ever reached their designed des- 

 tination. We have pVobably the best location for 

 a nursery in tho Union, and the demands upon it 

 exceed our means of supply. We are anxious to 

 give it a character equal to its advantages of Icca- 

 tioii, an<l to enrich it with all the finer fruits of Eu- 

 rope. It is the importance of obtaining a corref- 

 potident on whom we can rely, that induces me 

 to renew my importunities for your aid in this 

 matter. Mr Saul of Lancaster has encouraged us 

 to hope tiuit we shall receive some grafts from you, 

 through him in the spring. Such a favor would 

 be particularly acceptable. We have commission- 

 ed Mr Gordon, a correspcmdcnt of your Magazine, 

 who proposes to visit New York, to bring us sev- 

 eral articles, particularly for the green-bouse ; and, 

 .TS he will probal'ly see you, you may commit to. 

 his charge any communication you liave to make. 

 Comtnand nie freely whenever I can render yon 

 service. I am, Sir, &c. 



Mbany, Dec. 20, 1830. Jesse BtJEt. 



