Vol. X.— No.6. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 



43 



arch; lieiicc the extravagant price we pay for 

 casliiiiere shawl.-;, blond laces, &c, &c, — no one 

 of which would be thought half as beautiful, if 

 they cost but half as much. But how can Mr Coke 

 afford to throw away so much money ? Simply 

 because he is a great farmer, who has lived long 

 enougli to enjoy the results of experiments made 

 in bis youlli, — to eat of the tree that his hands 

 planted half a century ago. 



When he came into possession of the estate he 

 was poor, and the estate poorer. The whole was 

 not worth £2,000 a year ; what it is now, he him- 

 self has made it. There were 11,000 acres of 

 land lying waste, which had been let for three 

 shillings an acre. When the lease expired, the 

 man who had it would not offer more than two 

 shillings an acre for a renewal. ' No,' said Mr C, 

 'I will keep it to breed pheasants and game — it 

 will be worth more than two shillings an acre to 

 my friends, if not to me :' The man would give no 

 more, and Mr Coke went forthwith to planting oak, 

 larch, and sweet chesnut, as they call it there to 

 distinguish it frojn the horse cbesnut — over the 

 whole of his magnificent reserve. He persisted, 

 year after year, until he had covered the whole; 

 and when he came to be married, it was valued by 

 com[)etent a|)praiser.s, with a view to the marriage 

 settlement, at 222,000?. In the county of Nor- 

 folk, he owns over 60,000 acres of land, either 

 under a high state of cultivation or well worked; 

 5000 acres of which he actually farms out on his 

 own account, — it is eleven miles round his park. 

 When he began to revolutionize Ilolkham, fifty 

 years ago, it cost him ten thousand dollars a year 

 for timber to keep bis fences and buildings in repair, 

 (apart from his own house, that being a palace, and 

 i3tte<l for the wear an<l tear of centuries ;) but with- 

 in the last eighteen years, he is not only able to 

 supply himself with tindier, but to sell about twen- 

 ty thousand dollars worth of poles every year, from 

 clearings which are contii\ually made, where the 

 smaller growths get crowded, or the larger trees 

 interfere with one another. For the last twenty 

 years, he has regidarly planted one hundred acres, 

 every year, with timber trees. He has five regu- 

 lar auctions a year, and puts up these poles in lots 

 of 260. The timber is in high credit, and the 

 sales average about !S4000 each, or $20,000 a 

 year. The monthly expense of his establishment 

 at Holkham, is about $5000 ; he keeps 70 servants, 

 45 being men servants. In a word, he is the 

 builder of his own private fortunes — a strongmind- 

 ed, straight forward, usefid man, — a self made 

 philosopher, and what is more, a practical fanner; 

 living under that extraordinary system of poor 

 laws, where men are bribed to pauperism and 

 precipitate marriage, he has contrived to keep the 

 whole country, far and wide, in a healthy state, by 

 the mere iuftuence of a quiet and sober example. 

 ffhat had such a man to do with a peerage ? 



HUDSON AND MOHAWK RAIL ROAD. 



We btive had the pleasure to examine personally 

 this road as it at present terminates at the head of 

 Lydius St. The Ibllowing is the appearance as it 

 struck us. As you approach the farm belonging 

 to our present mayor, you [lerceive wagons con 



g vista, for miles and miles over a straight r.ail 

 regubir roail, on which are two rails that vanish 

 far away from you in the distance. 



At first you exclaim, ' how simple after all is a 

 rail road,' but the mind seems to respond, ' how 

 vast and incalculable are the effects of this sim- 

 plicity !' The friction existing on a common 

 road on a level surface, or increased by gravity in 

 the ascent of hills, seems to destroy the native pow- 

 ers of man and beast. All the apparatus of wheels 

 and springs are hut poor remedies for the practi- 

 cal difficulties which have beset the traveller Man. 

 But the construction of rail roads gives him the 

 victory over these, and they dwindle down to com- 

 parative nothingness. Sixty miles in an hour have 

 been run upon the Liverpool and Manchester road, 

 and this may be done on the Mohawk and Schenec- 

 tady road. It is a very strong wind that travels 

 at this rate ; it is the velocity of most of the feath- 

 ered tribe. All these reflections occur to the mind 

 on visiting this interesting road. The locomotive 

 engine, which will open the travel upon it in a few 

 days, was built at the West Point foundry, upon 

 a plan of Mr Hall, and is very appropriately nam- 

 ed the De Witt Clinton. 



It is about 11 feet 6 inches in length, and is 

 mounted on very solid and elegantly constructed 

 iron wheelsof four feet eight inches diameter. The 

 boiler contains 115 gallons of water, and will sus- 

 tain a i)ressure of several hundred pounds to the 

 inch, although it is intended to work at a pressure 

 of 50 pounds only. There are two cylinders, one 

 on each side of the engine, towards the rear of the 

 boiler, each of 51 inches diameter, and 16 inches 

 stroke. The pistons move on the inside of the 

 wheels, which is an improvement upon the Eng- 

 lish engines. The shackle barsare connected with 

 the axle of the front wheels, which is bent into the 

 sliape of a double crank. Attached to the boiler 

 is SI very pretty piece of work, being a glass tube, 

 securely cased in brass, shewing the state of the 

 water in the boilers. There is a safety valve on 

 the top under lock and key, and a self acting spi- 

 ral safety valve near the chimney, which allows 

 the steam to blow off when it reaches any propo- 

 sed mark upon the graduated scale attached to it. 



The power of the engine is over ten horses, and 

 its weight is 67581 lbs. being much less in propor- 

 tion than that of the best English engines. As it 

 now stands on the rails, it can be very easily mov- 

 ed by a single hand ! The tender is a carriage 

 mounted on smaller wheels and carries a square 

 box with an awning upon it, in which are apart- 

 ments to hold an iron tank and the requisite quan- 

 tity of Lackawanacoalj It is dragged next the 

 locomotive and has a stout spring in front to keep 

 it at the same distance relntively from the engine. — 

 Behind these come the Coaches for the passengers. 

 These run on iron wheels constructed like the rest 

 with a flange or inner edge, which makes it imi)0s- 

 sible for them to run offtbe rails. And iiere it may 

 be well to remark that the rails are about six in- 

 ches wide, and have on the top a continued iron bar 

 of wrought iron, on which the wheels run. The 

 coaches are built like the common post coaches 

 peculiar to our own country, and will carry inside 

 and out about 20 passengers each. They are very 



embarked their fortunes in the noble enterprise. 

 That the state will in time take the road under 

 the charter, we do not doid]t, ))rovided this is the 

 only one of the kind between Albany and Sche- 

 nectady. — Daily Adv. 



SILK. 



We had anticipated commencing upon this sub- 

 ject which we consider of national importance, 

 as soon as we bad given our readers what infor- 

 mation we deemed necessary respecting flax ; but 

 we perceive by our last New England Farmer, 

 that Massachusetts is on the alert, and that a forth- 

 coming work on this subject is announced in, 

 compliance with a resolution of their legislature 

 and we may defer the subject until we are favored 

 with a perusal of the work. So we go — Massa- 

 chusetts stands god-father for the United States ; 

 or rather she seems doing what the United States 

 bbould have done— encouraging the produce of 

 silk. — Genesee Farmer. 



stanlly passing up with heavy loads of stone. At j comfortable and convenient. Experiments will be 

 the right of the road, a small temporary building is; immediately made to test the fitness of all this 

 erected, and on entering this, your eye involunta- varied apparatus, and soon we expect to see all 

 lily is arrested by a strange yet elegant piece of the travel iliverted to this road. — The income 

 machinery, mounted upon four iron wheels, while I will be enormous, but it will be no more than a 

 at the same instant it glances beyond, through a just return for the spirit and energy of those who 



Odoriferous Suhstances Offensive to Insects. — It 

 is said that the common mint strewed among grain 

 as it is mowed away in the barn, will preserve it 

 from being injured by vermin. Camphor, when 

 kept among bed clothes, will keep away bed bugs 

 and fleas. From these circumstances, together 

 with the fact that we do not recollect of having 

 seen plants strongly odoriferous injured by insects, 

 we are led to conclude that farmers iriigbt be ben- 

 efited by turning their attention to the subject. — 

 JVew York Farmer. 



HORTICULTURE. 



Horticultural Hall, j 

 Satardiiy, August 20, 1831. ( 



FRUITS EXHIBITED. 



From Mr Otis Pettee-Red and white Rareripe, 

 red and yellow, do., Melecoton, Admirable, Noblesse 



and Peaches, of beautiful appearance and fine 



quality. 



From Mr R. Manning— Lady Haley's Nonsuch 

 Apples—Orange Musk, fine appearance, but inferior 

 in quality (Coxe No 14)— Washington, good flavored 

 and very fair ; and Pears, name unknown, from a 

 French tree. 



From J. Prince, Esq.— Summer Pearmain Apples, 

 of high reputation, and Pears from a French tree. 



From Mr Thomas Milton, of Roxbury— Fine red 

 and yellow Rareripe Peaches. 



From Mr E. Bartlett— Pears from a French tree. 



From Dr Robbins— A further specimen of the 

 Crimson Apples, exhibited last week. 



From Dr B. Shurtleff— A very large sweet Ap- 

 ple, called by him the Hancock Sweeting. 



From Benjamin Guild, Esq.— Russeting Apples of 

 last year's growth, put into an ice house in January, 

 and are now in a good state of preserv'ation. 



From H. Newman, of Roxbury— Purple Fox 

 Grapes. 



From E. Phinney, Esq.— White Native Grapes. 



From Perrin May, Esq.— While sweet water 

 Grapes, raised in open ground, Boston. 



From Mr Edw.ird Sharp, Dorchester— White 

 sweet water Grapes, open ground. 



From John Woodbury, Esq. Boston— White sweet 

 water Grapes, open ground. 



From Mr Moses W. Copeland, of Princeton— A 

 specimen of white Whortleberries, very delicate. 



From Mr R. R. Sclianck, Middletown Point, N. J 

 —Red Juneating Apples, a very popular fruit, well 

 known and extensively cutlivated m this vicinity. 



From Dr Green of Mansfield, A sample of the fruit 

 of the Lime plant (Podophyllum peliatum.) 



By order of the Committee on Fruits. 



EDWARD M. RICHARDS, 



