130 



NF-:W ENGLAND FAilMEPc, 



FOR THE NEW ENGLAND 



GRAPES. 



Mb Fksbf.nden — I liave 



annual ainoiiMl of the grain grown in tlial country, 



hinclntiin}! wlieat, oats, liarloy, ryo ami pulse) was 



112,000,000/.; and that the amount of cattle, 



past season, made I siieep, hides, wool, hutter, cln;ese and poultry, 



rin.p'iit on a line While Sweet Water Uyas about as much more, making together more 

 r!m,e (a vine son.ewhat extended.) As soon as I than a tin.nsand million of dollars. At thi. rate, 

 P r^ape became two thirds grown, I picked off j „,« whole national debt of Great Bn.an., vast as 



! feaves partially, in order to admit the sun to „ i., would not exceed five crop.. I, we suppose 

 , he n-uit , resumin- that it would he benefited by u.e population of the United States »o amount to 



b t tnuch to n>v surprise it soon blasted, craci- 1 13,000,000, and allow half a d.dlar a week as the 

 VlUnnd loMe'rcd while on other parts of the i entire expense of the agricultural produce, cori- 



le^l e clus"'s -V^ and the grapes offullj, ., as food and clothing by each individual, it 



liJe and of a d.dicious flavor. From this it a,.-] will amont.t to near three hundred and forty mdl- 

 nlars evident thit it is a great inj.uy to remove , jons per annum. Besides this, there .s the food 

 .hP leaver as the clusters most secluded were thcL-onsumed by domestic animals ; there is the agri- 

 W^psi a.id finest grapes. From this vine which Luhnral produce, consu.ned for other purposes 

 • ow.5or6 years cdd I had .nore than half a ,hnn food and cimhing- ;— and there is the entire 

 i^shel of the most delicious grapes, and^ha,. I not i .ecun.dation, or ;vh«ns raised -;^J- -n^d : 



removed the leaves from a considera de por- 

 tioiiofthesatne, Ishould have probably bad a 

 peck more. If this information is of any value 

 to others interested in the culture of this fine fruit 

 yon will please mention it, as yon have fully evin- 

 ced your desire to promote the great interests of 

 agriculture and horticulture. 



Yours truly, I-- Jenkins. 



Canandaigua, JV. Y. jVov. 2, 1831, 



Nov. 9, 1331. 



comuierce of Antwerp, Ghent and Uruges. Uul 

 Flanders still continues to be one of the ricdiest, 

 best cultivated, and most populous proviiu-i-s in 

 Europe. The ordinary revolulions of war and 

 goveriiinent easily dry up the sources of that 

 wealth which ari-e from coinnierce only. That 

 which arises frtiiii the more solid improvenitmts of 

 agriculture, is mm-h more diirablp, and cannot he 

 destroyed, but by tnose violent convulsioiis, occa- 

 sioned by the dppre<latious of boilile ami bai barons 

 nation.-!, for a ceniniy tuirether; such as happeneil 

 for a century before and afier the Roman enipiic, 

 in the western provinces of Europe.' 



In di.'scdnding to the paiticulars of tl-.e laws, 

 which it may be necessary to enact in any country, 

 for the purpose of buihling np and [iroteciiiig the 

 arts ami iudiislry of the people, they mnsl depend 

 an aggreg.iie, 1 presume, oi .x,i,vvv,vi;v.,v^>/". partly on the legislation of foreign countries, and 

 The value of the itiaimfactiiriug industry of the | partly oil the nature of the case. It is commonly 

 country is less easy to estimate ; but it is vastly i considered, that it would be an advaiitagpous in- 

 irreat. Articles scarcely thought of, in taking a teicoiirse, to exchange, without restriction, the pro- 

 .'eneral view of the occupation of the couniry, i ducts of agriculture, in one country for those of 



manufacturing industry in another. But iftli«' 



EXTRACTS FROM AN ADDRESS, 



DELIVERED BY THE HON. EDWARD EVERETT, BE- 

 FORE THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, 

 Oct. 13, 1S3I. 



Your society, gentlemen, was incorporated ' for 

 the purpose of encouraging and promoting .lomes- 

 tic industry in this State and in the United Slates, 

 in Agriculture, Commerce, Mannfaclnres and the 

 Arts.' The legislature of New York evidently 

 hadin view, in ibu.s statiiig the obje.:t of jour 

 institution, the great subdrviarwhi|li itis usual to 

 make of tlie industrious pursiiits orfnan. 



It is usual to divide the industry of a country, 

 into the three great branches of commerce, agri- 

 culture, and manufactures. There are of course 

 some important pursuits, such as niiinng and the 

 fisheries, which do not exactly fall under either 

 head It is the great business of agriculture, to 

 produce the food to be consumed by the commu- 

 nity, and a part of the materials used for maim- 

 faclures. The manufacturer works up the raw 

 materials and natural products, of domestic and 

 foreign growth, into various fabrics and articles for 

 the use of man; and commerce carries on the ne- 

 cessary exchanges, between the farmer, the man- 

 ufacturer, and the consiinier, in different parts of 

 the country, and between the wlible commiinity 

 That country is lb ""• 



can be easily shown to amount, in the aggregate, 

 to a iirodigious sum. It has been lately calculated, 

 that the manufacture of hats, ill the United Staes 

 amounts to $13,000,000 annually, and that of 

 boots and shoes to §26,000,000. This would niak; 

 the amount of bats eipial to more than half the 

 export of the great staple of cotton ; equal to twice 

 the lice and tobacco exported ; and to twice the 

 amount of the entire sugar crop. The article of of the 

 boots and shoes at 26,000,000 would exceed the 

 average of the exportation of cotton, for the las 

 twelve years. 



The amount of our foreign commerce, as coi- 

 sisting in the export of domestic [u-oduce, is lot 

 <rreat?y over §60,000,000. This is of cow^<e the 

 product of agriculture and manufactures; and 

 bears but a small proportion to the domeitic con- 

 sumption. 



It was probably the consiileration of licts like 

 these, which led Adam Smith to the fdlowing 

 train of remarks : 



' The capital that is acquired to any cointry by 

 commerce and manufactures, is all a very pecari- 

 ous and uncertain possession, till some pat of it 

 has been secured and realized, in the peraanent 

 improvement of its lands. .\ merchant, it lis been 

 said very properly, is not the citizen of ainparti- 

 cular country. It is in a great measure iiidlerent 

 to him, from what place he carries on his trade 

 and a very trifling disgust will make him rmove 

 his capital and with it all the industry, w ich it 

 -upports, from one country to another. N part 



: ij^^ Xh de/ ;imn:;;:aud a wiscad- of it can e said to belong to any partici.l -oun. 

 mTnistrat on of them at home, and in the enjoy- try, till it has been spread,as it were over tl ace 

 n/e" to a.f ill-course on liberal principles, with |of that country either in buildmgs or the l.ting 

 forM"- na^ns, possesses these three branches of improvement o lam Is. No vestige now r niais ol 

 « Ust V in the r due proportion to each other ; so the great wealth said to be posse.,sed by the reat- 

 1 allVour h together and neither languishes er part of the Hanse towns, except in the oscure 

 at ail nour.Mi i , 1 1 j^^^^.^^^ of the thirteenth and lomleenth cemries., 



''ThtL^re-gr i^'I^anchesof indusiry are all, 1 It is even uncertain, where sonie of the,,, were 

 oriant, and entitled to .situated, or to what towns in Enrope jheUtin 



th 



in the highest degree, iiiipo -, , ,- i i i >„ 



the favorable regard of the whole comimmity. If| name given to some o them belon 



form comiiarisous between ,hem, I (he misfortunes of Italy, at the end of the filtm I 



But tnugl 

 Ihnlh 

 giatly 



(rhidrLweJe^'ougb'i'norto 1,7 done, without re: I and beginning of the sixteenlh centuri, 



Secting thatthe/are very intimately connected | diminished the commerce and mannfacures the 



together and dependent on each other) we should 



pronounce agriculture the most important branch, 



— mannfaciurcs the next, and foreign commerce 



the least important of the three. It was cid- 



eulated four years ago iii Great Britain, that the 



ities of Lombardy and Tuscany, those coutries 

 still continue to be amongst the most jiojlous 

 and best cultivated in Europe. The civil 

 wars of Flanders and the Spanish governent 

 which succeeded them, chased away the real 



foreign inanuracturer refuse to be fed by the agri- 

 cultural proil'ice of the consumer, who coiisiiniee 

 his fabric, it is absolutely necessary, by a jiidiciou? 

 legislation, to rear up a class of domestic manu- 

 facturers, who will make the exchangn. 



The necessity of such a legislation is farther 

 made manifest, by considering the nature of many 

 factnring arts. They require great ex- 

 perieiice in conslructing maibinery — ii great out- 

 lay of capital, — and practice in all the various pro- 

 cesses reipiired for the production of the fabric. 

 How much of this skill is requiretl can only be 

 estimated by ii person who will visit a cotton 

 mil^Tr-a'iJ commencing from the machine-shop 

 trace the progress of the factory from the first 

 revolution of the lathe, by wbicli the spindle is 

 turned, to the completion of the building, and 

 from the opening of the bale of cotton to the pack- 

 ing up of the bale of cloth. This skill is just ai 

 necessary to carry on a manufacture, as the ma- 

 chinery or the power that moves 'it. Itis plain, 

 that it must take some time to acquire il ; and till 

 it is acquired the inlimt manufacture cannot possi- 

 bly sustain a competition with those establishinenfl 

 which [losspss the skill. So certain is this, thai 

 it has been stated, by one of the most popular wri- 

 ters on political economy in Great Britain, at the 

 present day, that it is impossible that the United 

 States shcudd enter into competition with England, 

 in the cotton mamifacture, because Great Britnin 

 has lliestart of us in the reqwisite skill. When vM 

 reflect on the infinity of detail ill the business of 

 a great mamUaclure, — in the contrivance, con- 

 struction and management of the macMnery, llie 

 preparation of the raw material and the processe!", 

 for working it np ; — and what an esseiilial dif 

 ference in the result, on a large scale, is produced 

 by a very small advantage, in any of the parts, it 

 is obvious that unless there were some pn>tectioii 

 against foreign compelilion in its intiincy, no 

 manufaclnre previously well established in oiu 

 country, could be introduced into another. Accord- 

 ingly I believe it may be asserted as a proposition 

 to which there is no exception, that there is no 

 example of a complicated inanufuctine, already 

 existing in one country and introduced intoiinolh-^ 

 er under a system of unreslraiued comiiierce and 

 without legislative protection. 



Such protection is necessary to prevent the con- 



