Vol. X.— No. 36. 



AND nORTlCULTUUAL J(3iIRNAL. 



285 



ing men, women, or cliildren, if is to be hoped 

 they may succeed ; since no permanent benefit can 

 be bestowed on tliat class, without an ultimate 

 gain to their employers, and an increase to the 

 general happiness of both. 



Another meeting is appointed to be held in 

 September next in this city, and associations of 

 farmers and mechanics throughout the New 

 England States, are invited to send delegates. It 

 being the wish of the convention that the whole 

 laboring population of New-England, should be 

 immediately represented ; and, as far as may he, 

 by those who can exhibit with other required 

 credentials, th»^ sign of industry which never 

 lies, the hard hand of labor. 



It has been said by an intelligent Englishman,well 

 acquainted with the boasted free institutions of his 

 own laud, and with our republic of half a century's 

 duration before him, that " the natural right of 

 every individual to a share of the earth on which 

 God has placed him, (the people's farm, as it is 

 sometimes called,) has never been practically ac- 

 knowledged, insisted on, or enjoyed by any people. 

 On the contrary, there has always existed, in eve- 

 ry country, on one hand a party exercising an ex- 

 clusive de facto property in the land ; and on the 

 other, the bulk of the people, who must obtain 

 leave to cultivate it, or starve." 



Perhaps we are entitled to some exception from 

 a declaration so sweeping and so truly melancholy, 

 yet I cannot avoid quoting a few lines from a let- 

 ter now before me, fresh froin the hand of a wise 

 and good man and a practical farmer, which cer- 

 tainly goes far to sustain its application here. 



He says, "There is no class of men of equal 

 intelligence, who study their own interest so little 

 as our fanners. The encouragement given to their 

 labor is all-important ; it in fact regulates the wa- 

 ges of all other classes. The most alarming symp- 

 tom of the times is, that the title to real estate is 

 passing out of the hands of those who work upon 

 it. The whole economy of the government goes 

 to depress it. I could point out many ways in 

 which this is done, and unless relief is admin- 

 stered soon, we shall have a miserable and degra- 

 ded tenantry after a while. At present, they can 

 run away to the new countries, hut the same 

 causes will follow them there, and in the existing 

 circumstances there is to be no rest for the sole of 

 their foot. The real estate is now but a bob to 

 the kite of a factitious credit currency," &c, &c. 



I am not prepared to say, that this view of the 

 state of our farming interest is entirely correct ; 

 yet the writer's intelligence, sound judgment, and 

 disinterestedness, entitle it to serious consideration. 

 No man however, among us, who will cast his 

 eyes abroad, can fail of observing that throughout 

 New England, the good land, indeed all the valu- 

 able property, both real and personal, is falling 

 into comparatively few hands ; and all of it, per- 

 haps, by legitimate conveyance, yet much of it by 

 precess that is considered ruinous and op|)ressive 

 by many good men and sound lawyers, who are 

 familiar with its operation. 



The old saying is in every man's mouth, who 

 has been fortunate in acquiring property, — that 

 any one may get rich, who will be prudent and 

 industrious. I have some doubts on this point, 

 yet trust that all men will agree with me so far : 

 that there are many industrious men and excellent 

 citizens, in every part of New England, who are 

 seduced into liabilities, and by degrees led through 

 the process of mortgage, foreclosure and eject- 



ment ; and finally degraded at home, or driven in 

 despair abroad, that under more indulgent provi- 

 sions, might continue valuable mendiers of society. 

 I will close my too greatly extended remarks on 

 this subject, by repeating the boast of a trader 

 from a town in the new State of Vermont, who 

 declared that he had, at successive intervals, held 

 the title and possession of every farm in the town 

 where he traded, three times over. He may tell 

 us that this was all done strictly and according to 

 law ; but I think all my honest fellow citizens will 

 imite with me in saying, that it might be piofita- 

 ble to submit such law to a revision. 



There are many good men who feel deeply for 

 the interests of the whole people; but reform or 

 improvement, to be eflTectual or pcrmaneut, nuist 

 proceed from the people themselves ; and their 

 will must be expressed in a manner more direct 

 and less equivocal, than in that shape which pre- 

 scription sanctions by the reverential character of 

 legitimacy. 



Frequent political excitements are salutary, and 

 only to be dreaded when set on foot by the ambi- 

 tious and designing. It may be useful, however, 

 at all times to bear in mind the excellent caution 

 of our immortal Washington : 



" The real people occasionally assembled in or- 

 der to express their sentiments on political sub- 

 jects, ought never to be confounded with self-ap- 

 pointed societies, usurping the right to control the 

 constituted authorities, and to dictate the public 

 opinion." 



Receipt for making Tomato Sauce. — Take toma- 

 toes when ripe, and bake them till they become 

 quite soft, and then scoop them out with a tea- 

 spoon, and rub the pidp through a sieve. To the 

 pulp put as much Chili vinegar as will bring it to 

 a proper thickness, with salt to your taste. Add 

 to every quart, one ounce of garlic and one ounce 

 of shallots, both sliced very thin. Boil it one 

 quarter of an hour ; then strain, and take out the 

 garlic and shallots. After standing till quite cold, 

 put the sauce mto stone bottles, and let it stand 

 a few days before it is corked up. If when the 

 bottles are open, the sauce should appear to be in 

 a fermenting state, put some more salt and boil it 

 over again. The sauce should be of the thickness 

 of rich cream, when poured out, and is, in my 

 opinion, far superior to the famous Bengal chat- 

 ting, to which it bears considerable resemblance. 

 Gardener's Magazine. 



Economical Fuel. — A good fire on a winter day, 

 at a mere trifling expense, is of importance to a 

 poor man. One penny worth of tar or rosin wa- 

 ter, will saturate a tub of coal with trij)le its orig- 

 iurd quantity of bitumen (the principle of light and 

 heat,) and of course render one such tub of three 

 times more value, than it was when unsaturated. 

 — English JVewspaper. 



We believe that the additional value said to be 

 acquired by coal, prepared as above mentioned, 

 must be greatly exaggerated. " Bitumen " is not 

 the only ])rinciple of heat and light ; it furnishes 

 more flame but less heat in proportion to its 

 weight, than some of the harder sorts of coal, of 

 which carbon is the principal constituents. But 

 something may be gained, and we wish the ex- 

 periment may be tried and its results made public. 

 Editor of .W E. Fanner. 



Leaves of the Hawthorn as a substitute for Tea. — 

 Mr R. Abbey has lately taken out a patent (in 



England) for preparing the leaves of the hawthorn 

 so as to make them a substitute for tea, and gives 

 the following directions for the process. "Rince 

 ihe leaves in cold water; steam them till they 

 change from green to olive, and dry them on hot 

 plates." The conductor of the Garilener's Maga- 

 zine says, " We should thiidv sloe leaves would 

 answer laucli better |)urpose than hawthorn leaves, 

 on account of the prus.sic acid contained in the 

 latter." 



Light arable soils may be too much pulverized. — 

 A writer for the Gardener's Magazine says, " I 

 quite agree (from experience) with Mr Wallace 

 (vol. VII. p. 36,) in thinking light soil sometimes 

 injured, rather than improved, by too much dig- 

 ging, &c. I have for some years adopted the 

 plan, of sowing August turnips on ground hoed 

 and raked, in preference to digging ; provided the 

 ground be in good heart and not too much bound. 

 I find the seed vegetates much sooner and is less 

 infected with the fly ; and, as the plants grow 

 faster and bid defiance to the fly, they make less 

 top but better roots. 



Potatoes planted ivhole. — A writer in the Gar- 

 dener's Magazine for Dec. 1831, states, " I quite 

 agree with Mr T. A. Knight, in planting potatoes 

 whole. As a testimony, I will state an experi- 

 ment of mine: I planted four potato slips, con- 

 taining two eyes in each ; and four, the crowns 

 containing, perhajis, four or five eyes each ; four 

 small whole ones ; four large whole ones. The 

 produce of the first four roots weighed eight 

 pounds; of the second four, eleven pounds; that 

 of the third four, sixteen pounds. I think this 

 will make it clear to any one, that the reverse of 

 what is generally followed ought to be practised, 

 namely, to plant crowns or whole potatoes in lieu 

 of a plant with two eyes. This is even the second 

 trial I have made, and found it the same ; but I 

 was not so particular in the first experiment as in 

 the second, having determined by my eye that the 

 dilFereuce was so obvious. This is of the greatest 

 importance to the agriculturist. If it holds good 

 for an acre, what a difference in the produce ! — 

 The diflerence of a little extra seed bears no com- 

 parison to the extra produce ; and besides, the 

 labor of cutting is saved. 



Magnificent Cypress Tree. — In the gardens of 

 Chapultepec, near Mexico, the first object that 

 strikes the eye is the magnificent cypress, called, 

 the cypress of Montezuma. It had attained its 

 full giowth, when that monarch was on the throne, 

 (1520,) so that it must now be at least 4C0 yeara 

 old ; yet it still retains all the vigor of youthful 

 vegetation. The trunk is fortyone feet in circum- 

 ference, yet the height is so majestic as to make 

 even this enormous mass appear slender. At San- 

 ta Maria de Tula, in Oaxaca, is a cypress P3i En- 

 glish feet in circumference, which yet does not 

 show the slightest symptom of decay. 



Ward's Mexico^ 



Lime-water for destroying Worms. — The use of 

 Lime-water for destroying worms, was lately dis- 

 covered in a garden near Edinburgh, by the over- 

 flowing of a brook .strongly impregnated with 

 alkali from the refuse lime of the gas-works. — 

 Wherever the soil of the garden was reached by 

 this water, it threw up myriads of worms, which 

 never returned again to their holes. — Scotsman, 



