NEW EJ^GIiAI^D FARMER. 



PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, NO. 62, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agricultural VVarkhouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. 



VOL,. X. 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 16, 1832. 



NO. 44. 



A g: 1* i c u 1 t u r e . 



Prom the Horticultural Register. 



ON SUPPORTING NEWLY-PLANTED 

 TIMHER TREES. 



By Mr SxiFroRD, Gardener to Richard Arkwriglit, Est]., Willors- 

 ley-Cnstlo, near Cromford, Derbyshire, England. 



Gentleme.v — Various have been tlie methods 

 resorted to, for supporting newly-planted forest 

 trees, but none that I have ever met with, seem to 

 equal the system I am al)out to e.vplain ; all the 

 usual methods have pioveil partly ineflcctual, as 

 they have invariably caused either a partial or to- 

 tal destruction of the trees they were intended to 

 preserve. To prevent the evils arising from the 

 friction of stakes and bandages, many plant their 

 trees so deep, that to avoid destroying them one 

 way, they actually do it another. By this improv- 

 ed method, the trees are not only fieed from that 

 danger, but the unsightliness of stakes, &c, about 

 a nobleman's or gentleman's ground, is entirely 

 done away ; the stem appearing as free from any 

 prop and yet standing as firm as though the tree 

 had been planted fifty years. Nothing can give a 

 clearer proof of the utility of this method, than the 

 newly planted trees I observed at Chatsworth, 

 which are six times larger than any I ever before 

 saw removed ; and yet these trees stand as erect 

 and are as completely covered with foliage, as 

 though they had continued there many years — and 

 all this, without the least particle of a support to 

 be seen. This, at once, gives the system a decided 

 advantage over every other ; for what could have 

 looked more objectionable than to have seen them 

 propped up with a parcel of huge stakes, to say 

 nothing of the extra expense and trouble which 

 such stakes and bandages would cost. The meth- 

 od, I understand, has already been sent into the 

 world as a new one, and I give the publishers of 

 such a system credit for so doing. My motive in 

 writing is to substantiate what they have made 

 known, and to show it as plainly as I can to your 

 numerous readers. 



About twenty years ago, I was employed to re- 

 move some trees that had been planted and sup- 

 ported in this way, about thirteen years before, 

 ■Nvhen I found the wood perfectly sound and the 

 support as firm as ever. For five succeeding 

 years, I was present at the removal of great num- 

 bers of large trees, which were planted in an open 

 lawn, as detached objects ; and I had the satisfac- 

 tion of seeing every tree keep its erect position ; 

 nor did I, during the whole of the five years, ever 

 meet with an instance in which the system failed. 

 I made every inr[uiry as to the origin of so com- 

 plete a plan, and found that the person employed 

 as the manager of the woods, had practised it lor 

 upwards of thii'ty years betbre at several noble- 

 men's and gentlemen's seats, to which he went as 

 an iustructer itj the art. Whether the invention 

 originated with Sir Ilcnry Cavendish, of Dove- 

 ridge, or not, I am not prepared to say ; but he 

 certainly introduced it into Derbyshire about that 

 time, and to his lasting credit, gave an entire new 

 feature to his domain by beautifying his grounds 

 with large trees, as erect and independent of the 

 storm as if they had been raised on tiie spot. 



I have ineloseil a sketch of the support, which 

 consists of three straight pieces of wood, laid in a 

 triangular form, [fig. L] These pieces must be 



1 a 



proportioned according to the size of the tree, and 

 the three hooked stakes, [fig. 2.] Wiieu the tree 

 is placed in the hole, the roots spread out, and 

 the earth, after being broken and pulverized, well 

 shaken amongst them ; the three straight pieces 

 are placed in a triangular form round the stem of 

 the tree, .[fig. 3,] on the top of the ball ; and the 

 triangle made large enough for a hooked stake to 

 be tiriven in at each angle, (a) so as not to injure 

 the ball of earth at the root. The support thus 

 co;npleted,the earth is filled in, and the tree stands 

 perfectly fast. In some situations, it is advisable 

 t> make holes for the hooked stakes with an iron 

 b U-. The stakes must be driven down sufliciently 

 deep for the turf to be laid evenly oyer the top. 



3 



If appears to me, to be of little consequence what 

 kind of wood the supports are made of; I have al- 

 ways found that any sort would last as long as it 

 was necessary. 



Nothing, however, that I can advance in favor 

 of so excellent af system, will be half so convincing 

 as the planting of a single tree ; and by properly 

 applying the materials, no person could have the 

 shadow of a doubt of the tree standing as securely 

 as when growing in its original situation. 

 I remain, gentlemen, 



Yours, very respectfully, 



GEORGE STAFFORD. 

 nUlersley, Dec. 10, 1S31. 



From tlie Bucks County Intelligencer. 



LIME AS A MANURE. 



Mr C. Miner of the Village Record, some time 

 ago addressed a letter through the columns of the 

 Village Record, to the Hon. S. Van Rensselaer, of 

 New York. Tlie letter contained a number of 

 facts in relation to the profitable use of lime as a 

 manure, among the fiirmers of Chester County, 

 and some suggestions about introducing the prac- 

 tice to the more general notice of the New York 

 agriculturists. To this letter Professor Eaton re- 

 plied for his friend Mr V. R., and notices the fact 

 of carbonate of lime or pulverized limestone, being 

 used instead of the burnt lime. . The fact was 

 new to us, and may be to some of the farmers of 

 Bucks County, for whose information we extract 

 the letter. We believe. Sir Humphry Davy in 

 some of his writings, recommends unburnt lime 

 for particular soils. 



To the Editor of the Village Record, West Chester, Tenn 



Your address to the Hon. Stephen Van Rens- 

 selaer, in relation to the subject above named, we 

 thankfully receive. But one who has a million 

 and a half acres of land to sitjiervise, who gives 

 many thousands per year in aid of charitable in- 

 stitutions, education, &c, cannot attend to every 

 department embraced in his vastly extended cor- 

 respondence. I have taken charge of the agricul- 

 tural department for the last twelve years. There- 

 fore you will please to accept the following: — 



Mr V. ii. ih familiar with the use of quick lime, . 

 to hasten the ]H'ogress of the decomposition of veg- 

 etable manures. He knows, also, that it operates 

 as a stimulus to vegetable organic action, like gyp- 

 sum. But his two manors do not abound in lime- 

 stone. Near the eastern side of his we.st manor, 

 limestone is abundant ; but the Hollanders who 

 occupy it, are not disposed to Vary from their fath- 

 ers' habits. * 



Perhaps the Pennsylvanians, to whom we refer, 

 are not aware that more recent trials have proved, 

 that unburned lime (common carbonate of lime) 

 is more economical as a manure than burned lime, 

 (quick lime.) Quick lime is more efficient for 

 above three years ; common unburned limestone 

 is equally efficient from the third to the tiiirteenth 

 year, or longer. A manufacture of tabular spar 

 a delicate variety of carbonate of lime,) was set 

 up on lake Champlain two years ago ; more than 

 one hundred tons are now called for. I have no 

 doubt but quick lime will soon be abandoned, and 

 unburiii'd carbonate of lime be substituted. But 

 it is not a true substitute ; quick lime should be 

 used on what is called cold sour soil ; though it is 

 neither cold nor sour. But pulverized limestone 

 will supersede all manures, when it is well under- 

 stood. 



Cakidaiion. — Four times the quantity of ground 

 limestone is required to equal quicklime, the third 

 year; but it will continue its efliiects unabated at 

 least ten tinu s as long. Quick lime loses its ef- 

 fect in about three or four years ; carbonate of 

 lime improves the first ten years, and diminu-hes 

 but little the next ten years ; and its effects may 

 be perceived fifty years. 



Correct reasonines. — Fanners will never reason 



