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PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL, NO. 52, NORTH MARKET STREET, (ix the Agkiculturai. Warehouse.) — T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. 



VOL. X. 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, iUNE 13, 1833. 



NO. 48. 



JS II r a 1 £ c o II o in y . 



ITEMS OF HUSBAKnRV AND RURAL ECONOJir, 



ORIGI.N'AI, AND SELECTED. 



Dy the Editar. 



HOT WATER APPARATUS. 



til a lato mitiil)cr of Loiulon's Magazige, men- 

 tion is made of a liot water apparatus in a piueiy 

 at the Earl of Egremoiu's, Patvvortli, Susse^ in 

 whii'li it is stated tliat the pinery is sixty feet lljng, 

 and twelve feet wide ; it is twelve feet high at the 

 back, and five feet in front ; the boiler is two fr,et 

 in diameter; the quantity of water in the boiler 

 and pipes is one hundred and sixty gallons. 



A small fire was made each day at 3 o'clock in 

 the afternoon, a little more fuel was added at G 

 and 9 o'clock, and nothing more was done to the 

 fire until tlie next day at 3 o'clock in the after- 

 noon. The quantity of coal consumed is less than 

 one third of what was used when the comruon 

 flues were employed. According fo the present 

 system, the whole of the water, one hundred and 

 sixty gallons, is in circulation tweiityfive minute.^ 

 after the fire is put under the boiler. There are 

 nine houses of the Earl of Egremont's, heated 

 on exactly the Same plan, all of which act remark- 

 ably well. U|!vvards of tweuty degrees more of 

 heat could have been kept up, during the severe 

 weather in January last, had it been found neces- 

 sary. . 



These remarks are followed by a table, showing 

 the results of a series of observations to ascertain 

 the difference of the temperature vvilhout ""Sad 

 ■within the house, the temperature of the water in 

 the boiler, fcc, which may be found in Loudon's 

 Magazine for April last, page 142. 



The same work gives us the following, by Jlr 

 Peter Martin, foreman in the nursery of Messrs 

 Murray & Coss, near Leeds. 



TO DESTROY ANTS, WOODLTCE, &c. 



Take one pound of oatmeal and half a ]iound of 

 coarse brown sugar, and mix them together; add 

 to it two ounces of pepper, groimd as fine as possible. 

 Lay the mixture upon white earthern ware for 

 woodlice and beetles, where tliey resort ; and for 

 ants, cover it over so as to prevent its getting wet. 



Anolher way to destroy Jlnts. — Toast tlie flcsliy 

 side of the out-side skin of bacon, till it crisps ; 

 then lay it on the ground at the root or stem of 

 any fruit tree that is infested by ants. Put some- 

 thing over the sleiti to keep it dry ; the ants will 

 go under it and fasten to it ; lift it up quickly and 

 dip it into a pail of water. 



,1n effectual mode of destroying Slugs, ^'C. — Take 

 a quantity of cabbage leaves, and either put them 

 into a warm oven or hold tliem before the fire till 

 they are quite soft ; then rub them with unsalted 

 butter or any kind of fresh dr!|)ping, and lay tlieni 

 in the place infested with slugs. In a few hours 

 the leaves will be found covered with snails and 

 slugs, which may then of course be destroyed by 

 any mode the gardener may think fit. [We have 

 tried this at Bayswater, and found it attended with 

 com])lete success.] 



If'oodlice and Earwi'gs, where^'or they exist, will 

 also bo attracted by leaves tljus prepared, if placed 

 in tlie sheds they frequent. 



To destroy the black and green Fly. — Take t^onie 

 strong yellow clay, such as is used for grafting, 

 put it into a tub and fill the tub for water ; then 

 let a man work it with his hands til it becomes 

 like thin paint. Pill a pan, such as flower-pots 

 stand in, with it ; and as only the points of young 

 shoots are infested with the fly, dip thein into the 

 clay and watc^r ; in ten minutes it will ilry on 

 the leaves, and will completely destroy the flics or 

 any other insects that may be upon them. The 

 clay will look dirty on the trees for a few days, 

 but the first shower of rain washes it conqiletely 

 ofi^, and the shoots will look more healthy than be- 

 fore it was laid on. There is no fear of the return 

 of the insects that season. The scale on pines 

 may be destroyed by the same mixture. 



To destroy the Bug [American blight, Aphis lan- 

 igera,] upon fruit trees. — Take clay, as I ilireoted 

 for the fly, and work it till it becomes of the con- 

 sistence of white-wash ; mix with every six gal- 

 lons of it, two pounds of cream of tartar, one ))ound 

 of soft soap, and half a peck of quick lime. Svhen 

 you think the weather is likely to continue dry for 

 some time, take a bucket full of this inixtiiire, and 

 with a large brush wash overthebark of the trees, 

 wherever you think that it is or has been infected 

 with the bug. A man will do a great numbar of 

 trees over iii a few days, with a white-wash brush 

 aujil this liquid. Five years ago, I had some young 



pple trees that were completely covered over with 

 th? bug ; I washed iheni with this liquid, and I 



ave never since seen the least sign of the bng iq)- 

 on them. I have practised the same inctfrtKl re- 

 peatedly on other trees, with the same success ; 

 and find it only necessary to be careful to do it in 

 dry weather, so that the rain may not wash off the 

 mixture for some time. 



To destroy Flies and Wasps. — A mixture of i)ep- 

 per, sugar, and water, will do this effectually. 



To make the bark grow over wounds and diseased 

 places on forest or fruit trees, without fail and unth 

 speed. — When a branch is cut oft' or a tree is oth- 

 erwise wounded, make the place smooth with a 

 sharji knife ; and if the tree be cankered, either 

 cut away the part affected or scrape it out until 

 you come to t'le sound wood. In all cases, make 

 the surface as smooth of possible ; then put lialf a 

 pound of tallow into two pounds of tar, and warm 

 it over a fire till the tallow is just melted in the 

 tar, when cue ounce of salt-petre should be added 

 and the whole stirred well together. The compo- 

 sition must then be laid on the parts that you want 

 to heal, and I have found it by long exj)erience to 

 be an effectual cure, and su])erior b}' far to any- 

 thing yet practised. 



PEACH, PEAR, AND MULBERRY TREES, 

 LUCERNE, &c. 



The following is the substance of a communi- 

 cation received some time since, but which requir- 

 ed condei'.sation and correction before it could be 

 fitted for the press; and want of room and of lei- 

 sure has obliged us to defer till the jircscnt time, 

 the publication of such parts as we thought would 

 convey, or become the means of eliciting useful 

 information. 



Mr Fessenden — I commenced making a se- 



lection and trans|ilaiiting fruit trees, about tight 

 years since; and shoidd liUe to be advised on sev- 

 eral particulars. 



I had about fifty peach trees from three to eight 

 years old ; feonie of which I inocidatcd myself, 

 others I obtained-'ffoin different nurseries ; makin" 

 a variety of^bbu't twenty kinds. From the above 

 trees I liave not had the pleasure of obtaining 

 more than two bushels of peaches. This si)ring I 

 find nearly half the trees are entirely dead, and the 

 remaining number ajipear to be at a stand wheth- 

 er to live or die. I have cut down or taken up by 

 the roots from fifteen to twenty, the most of which 

 were seven or eight years old. As those I have 

 left standing appear to signify their intention to 

 live a little longer, by sending forth a few leaves, 

 I should like to kuow if there is any ])robal)ility 

 of their resumitig their health and vigor. If not, 

 I should be induced to lay them prostrate, by put- 

 ting the axe to their roots, as I have dug round 

 them from year to year and they have borne me 

 no fruit. I have varieties of ten or twelve kinds 

 of iilunis, none of which are injured by the winter 

 in the least, as I can perceive. A few apricots 

 appear to be alive, except a few branches. 



With regard to my pear trees, I have lost from 

 six to ten, but do not know exactly, as two or three 

 give encouragement of sending forth shoots Just 

 above where tJnjiijJJids were inserted. These trees 

 were from ,, \\.y,' V Atjown and respectable nursei-y 

 of William i%*!:i; and Sons, Flushing, Long Island. 



.» few vcai's since, there \vas much said about 

 French ^.over, or ItJcerne ; and in the spring of 

 1830, I obtained four or five pounds of seed and 

 sowed it on thirtyfive or forty rods of ground. 

 The land was light and dry on which it was sown, 

 and had been previously planted. I spread three 

 or four loads of good manure, and ploughed it in 

 before the seed was sown. The result was, that 

 it came up very well ; but the most of it died be- 

 fore autumn, except near the manure heap, where 

 it grew sixteen or eighteen inches, and a part of it 

 blovved the first season. There is this spi'ing a 

 few stalks or s])rigs alive. Several of my neigh- 

 bois sowed soine the same season, and the exper- 

 iment proved equally disastrous. It had been 

 said by some, 1 suppose inexj)erienced person, that 

 it woidd grow on poor land. I am convinced that 

 it requires a very rich soil. The land that I tried 

 it on I believe is the right kind, all except the 

 quality of it. 1 planted it with potatoes the la.st 

 year and again this. I have some thoughts of 

 making it rich by spreading an abundance of ma- 

 nure on it, and giving it another trial. I suspect 

 the land on which persons have met with good 

 success, is such as would produce three tons of 

 herds grass or English hay per acre. 



I have, taken considerable pains to inform my- 

 self on the subject of silk business, and everything 

 connected with the manufacture of silk ; and have 

 about four thousand mulberry trees of one and two 

 years' growth. The land on which my nursery 

 is, I believe is not quite so rich as it ought to be 

 for that purpose, as the greater part of the trees 

 have grown pnly from two to three feet in a sea- 

 son ; whereas I have a few on richer land, which 

 lave grown from seven to nine feet last season. 

 I have transplanted several hundreds of seedlings 



