liiita Baga, 1 acre. — 1st, Joseph Hastings, Brunswick, 

 Rensselaer co., I too bush., at ">o lbs. per busn., |10. 



liiini; Daxrizs.— 1st, John Holbert, Chemong, silver 

 cup, value $50. 



I'.i iter. — 1st, John Holbert. Chemung, $15; 2d, Hon. 

 II. C. Tuthill, Cayuga, 10. (The above butter, comprising 

 5 mils, wns sold readily to gentlemen in this city n t 25 • ts. 

 per lb., and had many more been exhibited of like quality 

 the same price would have bean paid.) 



I'kii i.— Si - Uine Winter Apple. — 1st. ("has. Lee, Pcnn 

 Yan, Sfates co., Wegener Apple, $5 and diploma. 



An* analysis of Indian Com, tor which the Society had 

 offered the sum of $300, was presented byJas. II. Salisbury, 

 and the same lias been referred to a committee for examina- 

 tion, nml their report will be announced as soon as received. 



Asa Fitch, M, I)., of Salem, Washington county, has fin- 

 ished his survej of that county, for which the .sum of $200 

 was appropriated, and it will be received in time for the 

 transactions to be submitted to the Legislature. 



Designs fob Farm Dwellings. — F. R. Elliot, of Cleve- 

 land. Ohio, presented a design of a farm dwelling with 

 description, plan, and elevation, which were examined and 

 are entitled to special commendation, and, although no pre- 

 mium was offered the present year, a diploma and silver 

 medal is awarded. J. W. Ball, of Exeter, presented a 

 description and plan of a farm house, which was very much 

 approved, and a diploma is awarded. 



EXHIBITION OF FBUITS. 



From out of this State. — Montreal Horticultural Society, 

 20 choice varieties. Contributors, J. Frothingham, Esq., 

 W. Lunn, Mrs. Mcintosh, G. Shepherd. 



Cleveland. Ohio, F. R. Elliott and Prof. J. B. Kirtland, 16 

 varieties; J. Gallup, 17.. 



J. C, Holmes. Esq., of Detroit, forwarded from A. C. 

 Hubbard. Troy. Michigan, 15 varieties, and from Judge Hub- 

 I ard, Plymouth, Michigan, 8 varieties. 



Michael Gander, of Canada West, by Master Cleveland 

 Allen, of Black Rock, 10 varieties. 



The thanks of the Society were tendered to each of the 

 contributors as well as to the Montreal Horticultural Society, 

 and the Secretary was directed to forward to each the Diplo- 

 ma of the Society. 



From oi/r own State. — J. H. Watts, Rochester, fine speci- 

 mens of the Northern Spy, and a beautiful painting of this 

 fine fruit, and through Mr. Watts, from the following con- 

 tributors : Thomas Johnson, Brighton, 5 varieties; H. JR.. 

 Brown, Greece, 7 ; H. Hooker, Brighton, 11 ; C. K. Adams, 

 Ogden, 6 ; T. Rhoorback, Greece, 12 ; J. C. Campbell, 

 Rochester, 6. C. Paulk, Honeoye Falls, Seedling Pear. 



John Delafield, Oakland, Newtown Pippins, and from 

 Waterloo, through Mr. D., 24 varieties ; from Tyre, 11 ; 

 Romulus, 3 ; Junius, 1 variety, the King Apple. 



Judge Miller, Rochester. 2 varieties Winter Pear. 



John Donallan, Greece, Monroe county, 7 varieties Apple. 



Joseph Cary, Albany, Isabella and Catawba Grapes, very- 

 fine and as fresh as when picked. 



B. Hodge, jr., Buffalo Nursery, 5 varieties and Stannard 

 Seedling Apple. 



Ellwanger & Barry, Mt. Hope Nurseries, fine specimens 

 of Northern Spy and Melon Apples. 



W. R. Coppock, Buffalo, 4 varieties. 



B. P. Johnson presented, (from Cayuga co.,) 5 varieties. 



Justus Harwood, United Society of Shakers, Niskayuna, 

 -1 varieties. Samuel Rose, same Society, Watervliet, 6 var. 



Herman Wendell, M. D., Albany, 4 varieties Winter Pear; 

 1 Apple, and 5 Painting Seedling Cherry. 



T. C. Peters, Darien, Genesee county, 14 varieties. 



Lewis F. Allen, Black Rock, 6 varieties apples. 



H. Snyder, Kinderhook, 8 varieties. 



Wilson, Thorburn & Teller, 13 var. Apple, 2 Pear. 



A. Marks, Greene county, 4 varieties. 



Dr. J. M. Ward, Albany, 7 var. from his farm in N. J. 



J. M. Lovett, Albany, splendid Bouquet of natural grasses. 



Fred. W. Lay, Greece, Monroe co.. by J. Alleyn, Roches- 

 ter, 12 varieties Apple. W. D. Osborn, Port Byron, 2 var. 



James Wilson, Albany, splendid display of Camelia-Jap- 

 onicas, &c, in full bloom. 



Prof. Emmons. Albany, beautiful specimen of Painting of 

 Currants. Hon. F. Bellinger, Herkimer, Middle Apples. 



P. H. Warner, Columbia, Herkimer co., do. 



Sheldon Goodrich, Aurclius, Cayuga co., 8 varieties. 

 __ A beautifully arranged box of Indian Corn, by Mrs. B. B. 

 Kirtland, Greenbush. 



The thanks of the Society were tendered to the Contribu- 

 tors, and a volume of Transactions to each. 



Cables' Department. 



BOTANY. -FRUIT AND SEED. 



Fig. 1. 



[Continued from page 30] 

 The Fruit. — The ultimate object of the whole vegetable 

 organization appears to be the production of fruit ; which is 

 the agent through which the reproduction of the species is 

 accompli bed. After the seed is perfected in annual plants, 

 therj soon wither and die: the flower always precedes the 

 fruit, and is necessary to its development and perfection. 

 The fruit consists of two parts, viz; the pericarp and the 

 seed, or the seed-covering and the seed : the pericarp is 

 wanting in some plants, but the seed is essential in all. lu 

 tin coniferous plants, as the pine spruce, &c., the seed is 

 naked a ml destitute of the pericarp. 

 The pkricarp is the part which 

 envelops the seed, whatever be its 

 substance or structure. Fig. 1. In 

 the peach and plum, this is u ileshy, 

 pulpy substance, — in the oak and 

 Fig. 2. walnut, a dense hard 

 shell: (fig. 2.) thus the 

 structure and composi- 

 tion of the pericarp va- 

 ries in different plants, 

 from a soft watery pulp 

 to a dense shell. The 

 process of the ripening of 

 fruit consists of certain 

 chemical changes produc- 

 ed by the action of light, heat and 

 air, and perhaps other agents. Peri- 

 carps have received specific names, 

 according to their form and structure : 

 Fig. 3. that of the pea 



and bean is call- 

 ed a pod, — that 

 of the walnut &s 



butternut is called a nut, — that of the 

 apple and pear, a pome, — that of the cur- 

 rant and whortleberry, a berry, &c. — 

 Fig. 3. 



This figure represent the pericarp, or 



seed capsule of the Oenothera. 



The Seed. — The seed contains the rudiments of a new 



plant, and is the final product of all the complicated and 



beautiful processes of vegetation. The essential parts of 



the seed are, the integuments, the albumen and the embryo. 



The integuments are composed of several distinct layers, 

 which constitute the immediate coverings of the other parts. 

 The albumen lies next to the integuments, constituting the 

 principal bulk of some seeds ; it is a whitish substance com- 

 posed mainly of starch, which, by the chemical changes 

 which it undergoes during the process of germination, serves 

 to nourish the embryo plant. 



The embryo comprises all the rudiments of the new plant: 

 it consists of three parts, viz: the radicale the plumule, and 

 the cotyledon. 



The radicale is the part which 

 forms the root, — the plianule forms 

 the ascending portion of the plant, — 

 the cotyledon is the bulky part of 

 seeds, and forms the first leaves of 

 young plants, which in the garden 

 i bean, cucumber, <fcc, are thick, 

 fleshy aud oval, when they first rise 

 above the surface of the ground ; 

 these support the plant and perform 

 the function ofleaves until the proper 

 leaves arc formed. 



[ This figure shows an embryo 

 with its plumule and radicale devel- 

 oped from the cotyledon : a, radicale ; 

 b, plumule; e. cotyledon.] 



Heroic Wife. — One of the officers of Col. Washington's 

 troops, in the expedition to the wilderness to California is 

 accompanied by his wife and child. Who but an American 

 woman would brave the perils of the Far West to be by her 

 husband's side ? 



