18-19. 



THE GENESEE FAIt.MEIi. 



109 



times as thej wear away; these 

 have been found to be cheaply kept 

 in order, and v. hen I - free, 



h;.\ ■-■ HOt- 



with con- 



•' 3 I M 



improved, and iron substi- 



tuted in • with 



lusmaking 



• us any other 

 plows— and by being uewly laid by 

 any ordinary blacksmith, once in a 

 low ran be worn 

 out without ! ndent upon 



distant furna< The 



various improvements in the Self- 

 been made 

 by several <i;; v >ns, at dif 



fere st ten 



ortant has 

 . thai of substituting wrought 

 iron and ce of cast metal 



for the wearing and exposed parts, 

 which last belong to, and was pat- 

 ented by, Rrr.'M.i.s. Xourse, fo 

 Mason. 



With the Sub-Soil Ploio I will 

 close this communication. When 

 the advantages to be derived from 

 the nse of the Sub-Soil Plow are 

 known, very few good farmers will 

 think of cultivating their farms "J 

 without one. On many farms which 

 have become impoverished by sur- 

 face culture, and become unprofita- 

 ble, the use of this plow will renew 

 the soil, and to a great extent pro- 

 duce the effect of manures, foe, by 

 restoring to them their original fer- 

 tility. Were this the only advan- 

 tage to be derived, its use should be 

 no longer delayed : but when it 

 serves vs a drainer to receive the surface and surplus 

 water, and ateo to open (he soil to a greater depth to 

 receive the roots of plants for food and moisture, and 

 to admit a rapid of moisture upward from a 



greater depth — thereby avoiding drouths in dry times 

 and extreme wet in early spring and heavy rains — 

 its utility can no longer be questioned. Since their 

 introduction to this country from England and Scot- 

 land, they have been much simplified — retaining at 

 the same time the original effect in operation of the 

 most approved imported plows. They are afforded 

 here at less than one-fourth the original cost. 



The above cut ^fig. 3) shows the plow, which is 

 so constructed as to follow in the furrow of an ordi- 

 nary plow, and break and pulverize the soil to any 

 depth required, without bringing any of the sub-soil 

 to the surface, but leaving it where it is ; and the 

 next round of the common plow covers this sub-soil 

 so loosened, and so on through the field. It is also 

 found of great benefit to grass lands (where the water 

 stands late,) by plowing through the same once in 

 two to four feet, in the direction of the run of the 

 water : this, by forming small blind drains, carries 

 off the surface water much earlier : and if this is 

 done in the fall, it prevents the injurious action of 

 the frosts to a great extent, the land becomes settled 

 earlier, and a heavier and larger growth of hay is 

 obtained. In view of these evident advantages, 



(Fig. 1-) Swicel, or Side- Hill Ploic. 



.{Fig 



Self- Sharpening Plow. 



Sub - Soil Plow. 



no farmer should do without a good Sub-Soil Plow. 

 It was originally my intention to have described 

 i] other kin/Is of plows in use, as the Eagle 

 Plow, the Diamond Plow, the Peekskill Plow, the 

 Center Draft Plow, foe., but my time will not now 

 permit, and beside the public are already familiar 

 with them. The subject of the draft of plows I will 

 take up, and perhaps send you a communication upon 

 it. Probably no one thing about the plow is less 

 correctly understood, not only by the farmer but by 

 the plow maker, and also the committees selected to 

 judge and test the merits and demerits of the differ- 

 ent kinds. Albany, .A*. Y.. April, 1849. 



Messrs. Editors : — Will you or some of your 

 readers give ns, through the Farmer a description of 

 a wind mill of abont one man power — or a power 

 sufficient to churn, wash, turn grindstone, pump 

 water for stock, foe.? One that will be simple in its 

 construction, cheap and durable, and that will pre- 

 serve a uniformity of motion in our Western New 

 York breezes as nearly as possible. If it does not 

 oblige thousands of your readers, it will your friend 

 in Van Burex. 



The industrious are seldom criminal, but the most 

 of those who yield to guilty enticements, may trace 

 their lapse from rectitude to habits of idleness. 



