1849. 



THE GENESEE FARMER. 





w oj on the food, act) 



ititiu n'.Sj on I imo time mo : i 



amoun . ihe only real action is one which 



g ,\, a j ci i i : the food and rend* re the 



othors i n njuii klj si luble. Ill the a of the 



ut in the una", and nil the insoluble parts 



i men is. Tl ulnr ] | foi med in 



the laborator) of I the of w hich is \\ hat I 



have t . 11 thi i tal es place in 



ible matter. You 

 rm, and j mi let the water foil upon it, 

 nimals. 5 i u all know whal 

 tnkoi i i lually heats, and this gradual 



healing is nothing more th in the effect of ' : ' ■ lual action 

 of the :iir upon it. Certain portions of the vegetable matter 

 thus acted upon by the air tire consumed and taken away, 

 it, even in the proi 

 ile matter, you loose a portion, and it goes 

 v ay ;is the solid parts ol 

 coals po • int > the air by means of the chimney. You all 

 k'i >w that ti arts of coal disappear an:! I. ive noth- 



: behind. The two cases are, in feet, identical. 

 refer you to the case of a hay rick put up in too damp 

 a state, [n that instance, an immediate action takes place 

 from the contact of the air with the moist hay. and that ac- 

 tion continues increasing', until, at last, the whole bursts 

 jnto a flame. Now, gentlemen, in either ease, in the mek- 

 in : of manure, there is a diminution and i-. loss. You must 

 have Been the reek [ oin off from the dung-heap, and there are 

 . m ;es which also disappear in the air which you 

 Efwhat 1 have stated be true, you will draw 

 thecoi ables plowed at once 



into the land furnish a greater amount of the substances 

 ion of plants than they would supply 

 h the stdmaehs of animals — that is to say, 

 to give a pi. dr.. practical illustration of my meaning, if you 

 of turneps, making them sufficiently small 

 for decomposition, and plow that acre of turneps into the 

 ill hive more manure in the soil than if you fed 

 pon it. without the addition of oil-cake or 

 any other extraneous manure. 



• any other green crops, such as ra: 

 in, am] you will have a larger amount of substances 

 calcul ig forth the next crop than if you | 



that ai through the bodies of animals. You may 



men, hut it is absolute fact: there is 

 no theory ab iut it. It 1 I I by ical men, 



and ! i instances. A gentleman 



when I was 

 Maidenhead— and let me remark that the gentlemen who 

 i on that occasion were note, 

 lemen have shown yourselves t ! >i* 

 r I heard some of them call what I 



. iw . notwith : - ■<■ ing "g im- 



itermined to try vt h 

 » v nted. named 



3Jr. W. Triii ■ irney, near Windsor, having twenty 



acres of ra or two acres in dil 



Held. Th I off I ep. These sheep ' 



• y on a beautiful meadow adjoining, I 

 and wei ht on the rape. I was invited last 



f this e | riment; 

 invited to meet me 

 I was gone over, and f could 

 point out evi here the rape had been plowed in. 



The wheat her than thi 



and in practical - more 



than a quai < 



'are: been plowed iii and the places 

 where the d off. iUorc than that, 



pened to me 'umper at the annual dinner of the 



Reading Fi b. when he told me the tunc 



bi iter, nnd bo fully expected to see it 

 in the 1 



Now . . t. the plowing in of tm 



will have a si r.ilar good effect, and perhaps many of you 

 rei »li ction certain instances in 

 itting the tm 



i, 

 perhaps to the expcctalien of the fanners, a capital crop of 

 \ - > — the r Id not recommend you to for- 



sake tl ep; i am now merely dealing with 



the facts oi It is a question of pounds, shillings 



r it is best to feed the turneps e I 

 plow them in. i\ni\ therefore a case for the exercise of your 



individual judgments. In the instance of which I was 



• peaking at Mi id< ahead it we found mi n 



in than io !i: d off, as that \ ear thi 



and th I high in price. 1 gentleman there v. 



tuallj 



of sheep on the rum to feed off tin I 

 ■ saw it would be betl 



would 

 assuredly be bi tter. No men, at the end of the 



to hi oi inj ol 

 pcci r to pr ictic il men on this point, and : 

 jections v. hi and it m . . bo partii 



I that I leave out ■ tion for th 



mical action of sheep in "treading th 



of manure. To pursue the subject of this manures little 



further, you see at once that the manure will vai 



varies. If you use straw, or oil-cake, or tui 



of llm manure will vary accordingly, as the coi 



ubstances varies; and it will vary becau eiheanim?] 

 takes away only a certain proportion fn 

 and casts out the remainder as excrements. But the m inure 

 will vary not only as the food varies, but to the 



age of the stoi 



Young animals extract more nutriment from | 

 food than old ones, especially if the 1 tti r !• ■ fa 

 But it is more profitable to have ' . roots and 



grain eaten by an animal, to Jlesh, by 



its growing and gaining in weight, than to ha\ 

 elements of flesh in richer manure. Thf 

 between feeding 1000 pounds of clover, rape or tur- 

 neps, (estimating the crop dry,) to sheep or cattle, 

 and plowing in the dung and urine yield 

 quantity of food named, and plowing in the crop 

 withoul being eaten at all, is this: In the latter 

 case, the soil below the surface gains 1000 pounds 

 egetpble matter: in the former case not far from 

 400 pounds including the salts in the urine v 



on the ground. Although '2000 lbs. of dry 

 forage will yield only some 800 of solid excrements; 

 yet the latter are worth more for all agricultural pnr- 

 than 800, or even 1,200 pounds of the vegeta- 

 bles from the consumption of which the dung and 

 urine were derived. It will take at 1 lbs. of 



dry corn or wheat to form 100 of the dung of pigi 

 Their dung is the aslt, of the seeds c insum i which 

 like wood in a stove were literally burnt in their ca- 

 pacious lungs and circulating blood. 



The true rule in reference to over 



and grass, or plowing them in wit! 

 this: When a soil is reasonably rich, in mold, (or- 

 ganized matter,) it is good < clover 

 or grass, closely, before break;:, g up for wheat or 

 other grain crops — leaving the droppings of the ani- 

 on the land to fertilize it. On the contrary, 

 when the soil is thin and poor in vegetable mold it 

 is sound economy to turn in all the grass, clover, 

 pea vines or buc >ne can. A friend of the 

 writer will plow in three crops of buckwheat this 

 season: and another capital farmer will turn under a 

 crop of winter rye, one of oats and another of p 

 to ( irich the soil. 



of caustic lime to sweeten the 

 decaying vegetation. We have so often explained in 

 public lectu Itural journals, the pro 



by which c plants draw their mineral food 



from tiio sub-soil and their organic nutriment in a 

 good degree, from the atmosphere, that it seems 

 unnecessary to n I story. And yet, the great 



body of Am naers, both North and South, 



have hardly commenced enriching their estates by 

 air above and the earth 

 which a bountiful Providence has furnished 

 ready to their hands. Here and there one has stum- 



