178 



The Grape Culturist. 



I 



C..l.>i-(a) h.noy-yi 



[Fig. 124.] the cutis sometimes 



lI'ill'lHil'if^f!'' ^^^^ regular than 

 slio-\vii in tlie figure, 

 it i.«; undoubtedly the 

 normal habit of the 

 insect to make just 

 such a cocoon as rep- 

 resented. Sometimes, 

 however, it cuts two crescent-shaped 

 slits, and, rolling up the two pieces, 

 fastens them up in the middle as shown 

 at Figure 125. And irequently it rolls 

 over a piece of the edge of the loaf, in the 

 [FiK- v.'"' 1^ inainicr commonly adopted by 

 leaf-rolling larvie, while we 

 have had them spin up in a 

 -ilk handkerchief, where they 

 made no cut at all. 

 In two days, after completing the 

 cocoon, the worm changes to a chrysalis. 

 In this state (Fig. 124: a), it measures 

 about one-lifth of an inch, and is quite 

 variable in color, being generally of a 

 honey-yellow, with a green shade on the 

 abdomen. In about ten days after, this 

 la.-^t change takes place, the chrysalis 

 works itself almost entirely out of the 

 cocoon, and the little moth represented 

 at Figure 12.'i a, makes its escape. 



The lirst moths appear in Southern 

 Illinois aiul Central Missouri about the 

 Ist of August, aiid as the worms are 

 found in the grapes during the months of 

 August and September, or even later, 

 and as Mr. Kead has keiit the cocoons 

 through the greater part of the winter, 

 there is every reason to believe that a 

 second brood of worms is generated 

 from thoM' moths, and that this second 

 brood of worms, as in the case of the 

 Codling moth of the apple, passes the 

 winter in the cocoon, and produces the 

 moth the following spring, in time to 

 hiy the eggs on the grapt-s while they 

 are forming. 



SiKM-imcns of the moth were sent by 

 us, liisf suimncr, to the English Lepi- 

 dopteri>t. Mr. II. T. Siainton, for iden- 



tification, but Mr. S. could not very well 

 refer it to any known genus. Mr. A. S. 

 Packard, jr., of Salem, Mass., however, 

 has referred it to the genus Penthina, 

 and has given it the specific name of 

 vitivorana, on page 336 of his "Guide 

 to the Study of Insects ; " and from ad- 

 vanced sheets which were furnished him 

 by the author, the Junior Editor of this 

 Journal adopted this name in his "First 

 Annual Eeport " (p. 135), where the 

 insect was first described. 



In the accounts above referred to, Mr. 

 Eead is quoted as authority for the state- 

 ment that the first worms which appear, 

 roll up the leaves and feed upon them; 

 but we learn from that gentleman that 

 this is a gross mistake, which was made 

 by some misconstruction which Mr. 

 Packard ])ut upon his (Mr. Head's) 

 communications. 



The Rejfedy. — From information ob- 

 tained at the late meeting of the " Missis- 

 sippi Valley Grape Growers' Associa- 

 tion," recently held at Alton, 111., we 

 learn that this worm is found in greatest 

 numbers on such grapes as the Hei'be- 

 mont, or those varieties which have 

 tender skins, and close, compact 

 bunches; though it has also been known 

 to occur on almost every variety giown. 

 As already stated, there can be little 

 doubt but that the greater part of the 

 second brood of worms passes the winter 

 in the cocoon on the fallen leaves; and, 

 in such an event, many of them may be 

 destroyed by raking uj) and burning the 

 leaves at any time during the winter. 

 The berries attacked by the worm may 

 easily be detected, providing there is no 

 "grape rot" in the vineyard, either by a 

 discolored spot as shown at Figure 123 c, 

 or by the entire discoloration and shrink- 

 ing of the berry, as shown at Figure 123 

 d. When the vineyard is attacked by the 

 "rot," the wormy berries are not so 

 easily distinguished, as they bear a close 

 resemblance to the rotting- ones. 



