Vol. xi.-pro. 6. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



85 



from whence they get their supply of food, with 

 wallets or scrips, probably somewhat after the 

 fashion practised by the primeval shepherd, Da- 

 vid. The shepherdesses, as well as the shepherds, 

 from their constant residence in the fields and ex- 

 posure to the sun, have complexions quite as 

 brown as those of the native Indians or squaws of 

 America; and, judging fi-oni appearances, one 

 would suppose them to bo about as susceptible of 

 sentimental loves. Pastoral life, as depicted in 

 poetry, like many other conceits of the poet's im- 

 agination, loses a portion of its charms when 

 viewed in the sober light of truth. The idle life led 

 by shepherds of ancient days allowed them such 

 ample leisure to make love, that the very 

 terms " swain," and lover, have become synony- 

 mous. 



INOCULATION, OR BUDDING. 



This is commonly practised upon all sorts of 

 .stone fruit in particular ; such as peaches, necta- 

 rines, cherries, plums, &c, as also oranges and 

 jesamines ; and is preferable to any sort of graft- 

 ing for most kinds of fruit. The method of per- 

 forming it is as follows : You must be provided 

 with a sharp penknife, or what is called a budding 

 knife, having a flat haft, (the use of which is to 

 raise the bark off" the stock to admit the bud,) and 

 some sound bass mat, which should bo soaked in 

 water to increase its strength, and make it more 

 pliable ; then having taken off cuttings from trees 

 that you propagate, choose a smooth part of the 

 stock, about five or six inches above the surface 

 of the ground, if designed for dwarfs, and for half 

 standards at three feet ; but for standards, they 

 should be budded six or more feet above the 

 ground ; then with your knife, make a horizontal 

 cut across the rind of the stock, and from the mid- 

 dle of that cut, make a slit downwards about two 

 inches, so that it may be in the form of a T ; but 

 you must be careful not to cut too deep, lest yon 

 wound the stock ; then having cut off the leaf 

 from the bud, leaving the foot stalk remaining, 

 you should make a cross cut about half an inch 

 below the eye, and with your knife slit oft' the 

 bud with part of the wood to it, in the form of an 

 escutcheon ; this done, you ?nust with your knife 

 pull off" that part of the wood which was taken 

 with the bud, observing whether the eye of the 

 bud be left to it or not, (for all those Iiuds which 

 lose their eyes in stripping, should bo thrown 

 away, being good for nothing,) then having gently 

 raised the bark of the stock where the cross in- 

 cision was made, with the flat haft or handle of 

 your knife, clear of the wood, you should thrust 

 the bud therein, observing to place it smooth be- 

 tween the rind and the wood of the stock, cutting 

 off" any part of the rind belonging to the bud which 

 may be too long for the slit made in the stock ; 

 and having thus exactly fitted the bud to liie 

 stock ; you must tic them close round with the 

 bass mat, beginning at the under part of the slit, 

 and so proceed to the top ; taking care that you do 

 not bind round the eye of the bud, which should 

 be left open. 



When your buds have been inoculated three 

 weeks or a month, you will see which of them 

 have taken ; those which appear shrivelled and 

 black are dead ; but those which remain fresh and 

 plump, you may be sure are joined ; and at this 

 time you should loosen the bandage, which if not 

 done in time, will pinch the .stock, and greatly in- 

 jure ifnot destroy the bud. 



In the March following you must cut off the 

 stock about three inches above the bud, slojiing it 

 that the wet may pass off and not enter the stock : 

 to this part of the stock left above the bud, it is 

 very proper to fasten the shoot which proceeds 

 from the bud, and which would be in danger of 

 being blown out, if not prevented ; but this must 

 continue no longer than one year, after which it 

 must be cut off'close above the bud, that the stock 

 may he covered thereby. 



The time for inoculating is from the middle of 

 June until the middle of August, (in America 

 from the end of June to the end of August,) ac- 

 cording to the forwardness of the season, and the 

 particular sorts of trees to be propagated ; but the 

 time may be easily known by trying the buds, 

 whether they come off" well from the wood or not. 

 However, the most general rule is, when you 

 observe the buds formed at the extremity of the 

 same year's shoots, which is a sign of their having 

 finished their spring growth. — Forsyth on Fruit 

 Trees. 



BOTTS IN HORSES. 



In the American Farmer, 1 have read, with in- 

 terest, several remedies for the botts. It is cer- 

 tainly desirable, if possible, to obtain some specific, 

 which may be relied on to expel those terrible 

 insects when actually formed in the stomach as 

 well as to prevent their formation. As one of 

 your correspondents observes there is no doubt 

 that salt exhibited weekly in the food of horses, 

 would assist as a preventive ; and so will salt petre 

 and asafostida occasionally administered. Curry- 

 ing and cleaning the hair of the horse is not only 

 necessary for the good appearance, but also for 

 the general health of our favorite animal. 



Of all the remedies I have used and seen used 

 to expel the botts, fish brine is decidedly the most 

 efficacious and sure. I have saved several valu- 

 able horses, after they were actually stretched on 

 the ground, and apparently in the last agonies. 



Let a quart of salt fish brine, be administered 

 at once ; and the dose be repeated in an hour af- 

 terwards, unless previously there be symptoms of 

 relief. The medicine will show its effects in co- 

 pious discharges from the relieved animal, which 

 will be accompanied by quantites of dead botts. 

 He will not only be relieved, but will be improved 

 in his health and condition. It is to be observed, 

 by the bye, that all owners of horses would do well 

 to give them occasionally in their food, and 

 sometimes in draught, small quantities of fish 

 brine. — American Fariner. 



From tlie Genesee Farmer. 



At a time when pestilence stalks through our 

 land, and when the greatest attention to cleanli- 

 ness, and the removal of everything that produ- 

 ces foetid exhalations, are required by the civil 

 authorities, — I hope to be excused for a few re- 

 marks on privies. In years past, when I was 

 habitually a traveller, I found nothing in the 

 course of my journeys so generally a just cause 

 for complaint, as the condition in which those re- 

 ceptacles arc kejit. Most of the proprietors seem- 

 ed not to know that such places could bo freed 

 from the most villainous smells ; or that ventila- 

 ting tubes were as necessary to a privy, as a chim- 

 ney is to an open fire-place in a parlor. 



Why only consider the matter: if a privy is 

 not ventilated by a tube in the manner of a chim- 

 ney, how are the exhalations to escape ? If they 



are not sent ofl' high over our heads as they 

 should be, they nuist taint the air around us, fill 

 the chamber, and constantly a.ssail t!je olfactories 

 of every visitor. Go then to work — nail four nar- 

 row boards together so as to form a hollow prism, 

 place this erect in the privy so that the foul air of 

 the vault, shall pass up it through the roof without 

 doming into the chamber, (which to do complete- 

 ly you must keep the covers of the scats closely 

 shut down,) and thebusincss is done. And until 

 this is done, every privy must bo uncomfortable to 

 those who are not habituated to bad smells. A'. 



ISABELLA GRAPE. 

 Wo lately examined a Grape Vine of the vari- 

 ety known in this vicinity as the Isabella Grape, 

 in the garden of H. B. Williams, Esq. of three 

 years' growth on which was upwards of one thou- 

 sand clusters of grapes. We think it would not 

 be overrating to say, that the prospects were fair 

 for this vine to produce two hundred and fifty 

 pounds of grapes this season. Similar grapes 

 were worth in this market the past season, twelve 

 and a half cents per pound ; but should the pro- 

 duce be two hundred and fifty pounds, and be sold 

 at ten cents per pound, the amount would be 

 twentyfive dollars. One acre of ground would 

 be capable of supporting one hundred and fifty 

 vines — which at the above rate, might produce 

 $3750. Now we are sensible that this stim will 

 appear so large to some of our farmers, that they 

 will say it is impossible to make an acre of land 

 produce so much, but yet we think it might be 

 done. Let them examine for themselves, make 

 fair allowances fur the uncertainty of all crops, as 

 to growth, market, &c, and then say whethei* 

 there is not a greater prospect for profit in the cul- 

 tivation of grapes, than any other crop, whatever. 

 Ibid. 



Steam Carriage. — A late English paper con- 

 tains a description of a new Steam Carriage, of 

 an improveil construction, but perfect in its ma- 

 chinery and arrangements, which is about to be 

 placed on the road between Birmingham and 

 London. It is intended to test practically the ad- 

 vantages of employing steam carriages upon com- 

 mon road.s. The experiment will be tried on a 

 largo scale. The Engine is of 100 horses' pow- 

 er, and is arranged to propel a carriage like an 

 omnibus, capable of containing forty passengers, 

 and anotl'.er vehicle for merchandise and bag- 

 gage, of the capacity of several wagon loads. 

 The Engine is on a new plan, separate from the 

 carriage, with a boiler constructed of a number of 

 tubes, thus diminishing the chances for mischief 

 by an explosion. The wheels are eight inches 

 wide and perfectly flat, and it is stated by those 

 who have been present at the trials, that they 

 never make ruts in the road. The machine is 

 moved backwards and forwards at the pleasure of 

 the engineer, and the speed may be regulated at 

 will from one mile to fifty miles, an hour. To 

 avoid a deposit of sediment in the boiler tubes, 

 distilled water alone is to bo used. — Bait. Amer. 



Calves. — !t sometimes happens that calves are 

 troubled with a looseness of the bowels, or secur- 

 ing, more especially after rains, when the grass 

 grows fast. To j)revenl this, a little lime mixed 

 with meal and given to them, will in most cases, 

 stop the complaint within a few days. — Gtnese 

 Farmer. 



