42 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



Angust 22, 1832. 



of barrenness, and instead of contrilniting to tjie 

 resources of the farm yard demands its contribu- 

 tions therefrom. Thus this immense capital or 

 accumulation from the sea so usefid on the sea 

 coast and so important to the interior, would be 

 rejected and lost. And are there then no objects 

 in our aifriculturo where much might be gained 

 without such hazard in experiment ? There is 

 not a farm in the country, where a judicious cul 



For comfort and health it would be important 

 that a superabundance of fresh air should be sup- 

 plied : and for the convenience of attendance, it 

 is desirable that the heat should be derivecl from 

 one ])oinl, and that ought to be the kitchen range. 



I have Tredgold on warming apartments, Lou- 

 don's Enpyclopedia of Gardening, and some bthcr 

 works which give directions about hot houses; but 

 I think something more eftectual than is giv«n by 



lure in draining by ditches, graveling, &c, would any of them, may be hit upon by some ingejiiou 



person, by combining the different modes oflieat- 

 ing the air, or diffusing the warm air in hiises, 

 or by inventing some new one. 1 



Will you, Mr F., suggest this, and try wh^her 

 any of your correspondents, (or yourself, as I be- 

 lieve you liave a good deal of talent for thi|, as 

 well as for various other things) can suggest st)me 

 easy aud effectual way of diffusing an equable 

 and regular temperature throughout a houst, or 

 suite of apartments. The bills of mortality would 

 be considerably affected, if you could prevent the 

 necessity of a person in a cold day hastening to a 

 great fire. R. 



Remarks by the Editor. 



Our respected correspondent has proposed a 

 subject for discussion of very great interest as re- 

 gards health, comfort and economy ; and we hope 

 that men of experience, tact and talent will give 

 us such practical information on the best modes of 



not, by destroying the worthless aquatic grasses, 

 produce a more sweet and nutritive growth ; for 

 this our means want strength and enlargement, 

 instead of diminution. 



If then vigor can be given to this mode of im- 

 provement of our low lands,* present to every 

 farmer, it would make the surface of the country 

 more pleasant to the eye. add to its health by pu- 

 rifying the atmosphere, as well as enlarge the 

 means of production and comfort. It has been 

 our endeavor to prove that the proposition to dike 

 our marshes as suggested by your correepondents 

 would be inexpedient. We have thought it would 

 be an extensive injury, and have given the rea- 

 sons on which this opinion is founded. It is but 

 seldom that so many experiments have been made, 

 both by incorporated companies, and by individu- 

 al enterprise on any like subject. As all of these 

 have failed of success, and the instances have 



been stateil, it seems little short of demonstration, j eliciting and economizing heat as will comport 

 And we ask if experience so well confirmed should { with the wishes of oiu- friend, and most benefit 



be disregariled. 



I am, Sir, yours, 

 August, 1832. 



JOHN WELLES. 



HEATING APAR.TMENTS, &c. 



Mr Fessenden — We pay less attention to the 

 regular tetnperature of our apartments in the 

 Northern States, than our latitude and the change- 

 ablencss of our climate demand ; health, comfort 

 and economy woidd all be benefited by an im- 

 proved mode of heating them. Perhaps you 

 might render a service to some others of your 

 country friends, as well as myself, by procuring 

 information on this subject. I will state my case, 

 and see whether it will produce some useful di- 

 rections. 



I wish to add to my dwelling house, a hot house 

 fifty or sixty feet long by twenty wide, attached 



the community. The gentleman has given us 

 credit for more ability as regards his objects of in- 

 quiry, than we liave a right to claim, but we will 

 suggest some ideas on this subject as soon as pre- 

 engagements and indispensable avocations will 

 permit. 



In the meantime we will premise a hint or 

 two, which may be of use to those who propose 

 making experiments, or otherwise directing par- 

 ticular attention to the manufacture, retention and 

 uses of caloric. There are many advantages in 

 making water a vehicle for the reception and dis- 

 tribution of heat, in preference to air, or even steam. 

 Water has a greater capacity for heat, or will hold 

 more heat at the same temperature by more than 

 50O to ] than air. Hence by lodging or depositing 

 the surplus heat of a fire in a vessel or vessels 

 containing water or steam, or both, instead of per 



on the wi^st to a drawmg room, on the north to | .„■ u i „ . . .i . • J 



, . , , I mittins such heat to escape through pipes, flues, 



chambers opening mto it, and on the east to ai » ."., • , . ° ' "^ . 



, . , r . I /-.... J I *i<", I" ll'e open air, we make an important saving 



Kitchen range, irom the latter of wbicn 1 am de- . ., i . r i • ^ i t> • ■ 



. ,. , ■ , , ■ L , , ; !n ''le products of our burning fuel. Besides, 



sirous 01 having the whole hot bouse and apart- . • r -.i t- i i j- . u <• i 



, ° , , 'I water is a faithful carrier and distributor of heat, 



ments wanned, so as to make the new part, the ' „, , . , ■. , .. t ji . ^ ■ . 



; .,,..,/-., i Placed in a boiler or boilers properly fitted with 



joing and returning pipes, the water commences 



winter residence of the family 



Russian stoves, brick flues, heated air, steam 

 and hot water, have all been used to warm apart- 

 ments, and generally, separately ; but several of 

 them may be usefully combined ; for the furnace 

 which boils the water, and heats the brick flues, 

 may be so constructed as to admit a current of 

 fresh air from the outside, to pass, heated in its 

 way, into the house. And from a boiler in the 

 kitchen, steam may be carried to copper or iron 

 cisterns, the water in which would be kept at the 

 boiling point by the steam, and which, I think, 

 would be a more economical mode, and less lia- 

 ble to get out of order, than the common one of 

 conveying boiling water in pipes. A warm bath, 

 to be in readiness at all times, would be a neces- 

 sary part of the arrangements. 



'The 

 over four tons 



circulation and carrying and distributing heat, as 

 soon as the fire is kindled, and under scientific di- 

 rection will lodge a greater part of the heat it is 

 capable of containing, in any vessel or vessels or 

 proper receptacles of caloric, or heat combined 

 with water, at a very considerable distance from 

 the fire plac*, or place where such heat had its 

 origin. Moreover, water will retain heat with 

 much tenacity for many hours after the fire is ex- 

 tinguished, giving out its caloric, however slow- 

 ly, and like a good economist, regulating its ex- 

 penditure by the urgency of the demand. 



FOK THE NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Mr Fessenden^Iu your last publication you 

 ler, on such land well pre^d, has raised |g-''^<= •'^'' Forsyth's directions for budding. As im- 

 is of herds grass to the acre. 'provements may have been made since bis trea- 



tise was written, I venture to offer what I consid- 

 er such, combining more simplicity and expedi 

 tion, with equal success, being the result of long 

 experience. 



For dwarfs, Mr Forsyth directs to insert the 

 bud a few inches from the ground : for half stand- 

 ards three feet : for standards six feet or more. 

 !\Iy method is, as in grafting, to perform the oper- 

 ation as near the ground as practicable. The ad- 

 vantage in both cases is, that if the top becomes 

 injured, a healthy sprout is more likely to supply 

 its jilace. I have never found the position of the 

 bud to have a tendency to produce a dwarf 

 Were this the natural consequence of budding 

 low, there would be a good reason for rearing a 

 giant before the process. 



As a general rule I would recommend drawing 

 the bud up, instead of pushing it down. The cut 

 in the stock above the bud impedes the flow of 

 saji to nourish it ; and from the want of covering, 

 leaves it more exposed to accident and to the 

 weather, as the bark at the angle of insertion rare- 

 ly perfectly reunites with the stock. Instead of 

 the horizontal cut, I make a circular one, touching 

 gently on the wood ; and by giving the back of 

 the knife an inclination from the stock, a sloping 

 access is made for the bud without mangling 

 the bark, as must be the consequence of using the 

 hafi of the knife in a transverse incision. Instead 

 of Mr Forsyth's T, I have the impress of a V. 

 When the stock is vigorous, as in cherry trees, 

 and of sufficient height, I insert three or more 

 buds in such position as to form the head. In pre- 

 paring the hud, I take a thin cut into the wood a 

 sufficient distance above it, keeping a parallel line, 

 and coming out in an oval point below. If 1 have 

 taken too much wood, which rarely happens, I 

 carefully shave it down, leaving it even with the 

 bark at each extremity. This slight staying of 

 wood favors the insertion of the bud, and is no im- 

 pediment to its union. I generally insert two 

 buds; and at the proper season sever the stock 

 close to the upper one. The danger of their be- 

 ing broken off is so small that 1 incur the risk of 

 the accident, rather than the trouble of tying to a 

 stem which may become dead, and retard the 

 healing the next season. If they are not tied, the 

 branch intended for a new head, will not take an 

 upright direction and the form of the tree will be 

 injured. Respectfully yours, 



O. FISKE. 

 If'orcester, August 18, 1832. 



THE SEASON, &c. IN CANADA. 



[Extract of a letter from a correspondent to the Pub- 

 lisher of the New England Farmer, dated New burg, 

 N. Y.August 2, 1832.] 



After having passed two or three months in 

 Quebec, Montreal, and vicinities, I have returned 

 thus far home. 



I left Quebec 2;3d ult. and Montreal 29th, was 

 in Quebec two or three weeks at different times 

 during the ravages of the Cholera, and the more 

 I have seen and have been where it exists, the 

 more I feel convinced that it is a disease not much 

 to be feared by the prudent and temperate, and I 

 go among it without fear. 



The weather at Quebec has been, almost all 

 the season, attended with cold east winds, and the 

 crops are quite backward; you can judge how 

 much so from this fact: pasture strawberries were 

 not ripe until the 20th of June, and garden straw- 

 berries were not ri]ie when I left, the 23d ; green 



