Vol. XI.-No. 13. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



91 



niucli pains to stock his farms with the best breeds 

 of aiiiinais, and his f,'roiinds were adorned with 

 rare and curious trees and shrubs, collected from 

 various parts of the United States and from for- 

 ciL'n countries. His correspondence with Sir 

 John Sinclair, Mi' Anderson, and Arthur Young, 

 on agriculture, has been printed. It is not my in- 

 tention to select much for publication under this 

 head, but such papers will he included, and such 

 ilUistrations appended, as will exhibit in their due 

 proportions the character of Washington on his 

 farm, and his attention to the humble concerns of 

 life. 



ESSEX AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



The annual exhibition of the Essex Agiicultu- 

 ral Society took place at Newbury, on Thursday, 

 Sept. 27. The day was highly favorable, and the 

 Exhibition in all its parts well sustained, mani- 

 festing an increasing interest in the concerns of 

 the Society. Much credit is due to the Commit- 

 tee of Arrangements, and other gentlemen of the 

 vicinity, for their active exertions to render the 

 Farmers' Festival useful and interestin 

 coinmuuity. 



Amoug the numerous crowds assembled on this 

 occasion, we noticed many of the most substan- 

 tial and practical fiirmers from all parts of the 

 County. Such an assemblage of practical men, 

 for the purpose of communicating and receiving 

 instruction, cannot fail to have a salutary influ- 

 ence upon all around them. 



At 2 o'clock between one and two hundred 

 members of the Society, with their invited guests 

 dined together, at Drake's Hotel, in Newburyport. 

 The tables were handsomely spread, and boiinti- 

 fully supplied. And we should not ojnit to no- 

 tice the public spirit of those ladies and gentlemeu 

 of the vicinity, by means of which they were sd 

 beautifully ornamented with flowers, and furnishd 

 with fruits of the best quality. 



At three o'clock, an address was delivered ly 

 the Rev. Gardner B. Perry of Bradford, to a 

 crowded audience, replete with sound instructioi 

 and much useful information. 



Among the objects presented for Exhibition anl 

 Premium, we noticed, 9 Bulls, 9 Milch Cows, 11 

 Heifers, 17 pair of Steers, 9 young Horses rai'sel 

 in the county, about 30 pair of Working Oxe^ 

 Swine of various kinds, &c. &c. 



Fourteen teams, 7 double and 7 single wer 

 engaged in the Ploughing Match, on a field ad 

 mn-ably suited to the purpose, and performed tin 

 ploughing of one quarter of an acre each, in tim 

 varying from 5.5 to 90 minutes, and in a manne 

 not excelled in any match of the kind we eve 

 witnessed. 



The following Premiums were awarded. 



DAIRT. 



To Mrs Betsey Parker, for Butter, $li 



Hector Coffin, clo. 



Moses Newell, for Cheese, 



PLOUGHIiVG. 



Double teams. 



To Richard Jaques, 1st premium, 



John Northend, 2d, 



Bartlett J. Currier, 3d, 



William Moody, jr. 4th, 

 Single teams. 



To Rich'd T. Jaques, 1st, 



Daniel Adams, 3d, 2d, 



Pike Noyes, 3f|,' 



Adams Knight, 4ih 



CIDER. ^ 



To James Ferguson, 



POTATOES. 



To Paul Kent, 1st jireminm, 



James Locke, 1st, 



E. &S. Follaiisbee,2d, 



BULLS. 



lo Jesse Putnam, 1st premium, 



Gideon H. Currier, 2d, 



Josejih Day, 3d, 



MILCH cows. 

 To Timothy Flanders, 1st premium, 



J. O. W. Brown, 2d, 



Timo. Noyes, 3d, 



Edw. Titcomb, jr. gratuity, 



Parker M. Dole, " 



STEERS. 



?o Israel Bartlett, 1st premiinn, 

 Amos M. Follansbee, 2d, 

 N. Newell, ) 

 N. S. Sawyer, f 



7 

 7 

 5 



1.5 

 10 

 5 



15 



10 

 5 

 2 

 2 



10 

 5 



2 50 



I the stems, are about the size of pepper corn and 

 10 when ripe, aie covered with a whitish green wax 

 At Sandy Neck, on the north side of Barnstable 

 harbor, this shrub abound.s, and an active person 

 may in autumn, gather two bushels of the berries 

 per day. The wax or tallow is collected by boil- 

 ing the berries in water, a bushel yielding from 

 four to five pounds. Its specific gravity when 

 cool, being greater than that of water, the wax is 

 skimmed oflT during the process of boiling, other- 

 wise it would settle among the berries and be lost 

 It is afterwards clarified in brass kettles, and ap- 

 plied to a variety of purposes, but it is chiefly 

 used in making candles. These burn for a long 

 time, produce little smoke, emit an agreeable odor 

 during combustion, and never melt and run down 

 at the sides like those manufactured from tallow 

 or spermaceti. It is usual to mix bayberry with 

 other tallow, because candles made wholly fiom 

 it, do not give a strong light, particularly during 

 cold weather. 



Bayberry tallow has been used, more or less, in 



o Joseph Mann of Salisbury, for an extraordi- ''"^ vicinity, since the settlement of the country • 

 o,. «f tU^ e„.,.i...:„u r> 1 ^ ., K.,, , „„„ . .1 ... """y , 



to thejnar,- Ox, of the Sandwich Breed, 5 years old, 

 weghing 2420 lbs. fed only upon grass, in the pas- 

 tur; with other cattle. 



SWINE. 



?o Parker M. Dole, 1st premium 



Thomas Emery, 2d, 



Phili|)R. Rogers, 1st, 



Hector Coffin, 2d, 



Moses French, 1st, 



Hector Coffin, 2d, 



HORSES. 



To John O. W. Brown, for iron gray colt, 



3 years old, 1st premium, 20 

 To William Johnson, Jr. for his bay horse, 



4 years old 2d pr. 15 

 To John B. Savory, for a dark sorrel mare, 



4 years old, 3d pr. 10 



Gratuities to the amount of $18 were given for 

 other handsome animals of this description. 



$86 were awarded in premiums for numerous 

 articles of Domestic Manufacture exhibited ; man- 

 ifesting much industry and taste in their structure. 



Several claims were entered for Agricultural 

 Experiments of different kinds, and for extraor- 

 dinary crops — but were not decided on at this 

 tneeting. 



The Officers of the last year were re-elected 

 with a very few alterations. — Essex Register 



U 



Fromlhe Ilarngtiible Jou 



BAYBERRY OR WAX-BEARING MYRTLE. 



The very respectable and industrious repre- 

 sentative of Portugal at Washington, has furnish- 

 ed the correspondent of the New York Journal of 

 Commerce, with an interesting article on the tree 

 or shrub commonly called myrtle. It is a native 

 of North Ai 



but we were not aware that it was so extensively 

 at the south, till after reading the article referred 

 to in the Journal of Commerce. Candles made 

 of a mixture of bayberry and other tallow, are a 

 beautiful and economical article, and it is some- 

 what surprising that they are not in more general 

 request. Fine scented soap is also made from 

 this wax, and in New York city there is a manu 

 factory of the crude article. 



Substitute for Sugar.— A substitute for what 

 may now be deemed a luxury, will probably, be 

 by no means unacceptable. Honey has been pro- 

 posed, honey has been adopted, but to many its 

 peculiar flavor occasions a disgust they cannot 

 overcome ; now this flavor may be removed, with- 

 out any injury to its sweetness, by a very simple 

 process. Late experiments in chemistry have 

 taught the use of charcoal in purifying various 

 substances; this led to its application to the pur- 

 pose of freeing honey from its peculiar flavor, 

 which has been attended with complete success'. 

 Four pounds of honey being boiled with two 

 pounds of water, and one of well burnt charcoal 

 :entle fire, till the syrup began to acquire 

 some degree of consislency, the charcoal was 

 separated by a strainer, the clear syrup being then 

 boiled, till it was of a proper consistence, it was 

 found to be as free from any disagreeable flavor 

 as syrup of sugar. This therefore, might be ap- 

 plied to every purpose for which sugar is com- 

 monly used. If the charcoal be coareely powder- 

 ed, I should imagine a smaller quantity would as 

 effectually answer the purpose. 



Expeyjses of Cultivation.— The expense of culti- 

 vation of laud in Englat}^ has much increased of 

 late vears, as appears bytlie returns to the Board 



J , ~ , ""^ Jfc«l:^, <io u(j rirais ov 1116 rctums to tbc Kosrd 



lenca, and abounds on many of the of Agriculture, which state that t ^ av™ ex 

 Idmos sandy beaches, from Maine to Louisiana. Lenses of cultivating 100 Trlsof hnd was L' 



Of this shrub there are several species. The one '""" " -- "'-'^'^s o' jann was, in 



known in the northern states by the name of bay- 

 12 berry or wax-bearing myrtle, and at the south as 

 10 the candle-berry tree, is the most valuable. It is 

 8 I rather low and spreading shrub, having crook- 

 6 3d stems, and lanceolate or spear shaped leaves 

 with a few indentures towards their extremities.' 

 10 The bark of the young shoots and the leaves be- 

 8 ng bruised, "emit the most refreshing and de- 

 6 ightful fragrance, exceeded by no myrtle, or any 

 4 aromauc plant." The berries grow in clusters on 



1790, £411; in 1803, £547 ; and in 1813, £771. 

 Since the latter year, there have been reductions in 

 labor and taxes, and also, to a considerable extern, 

 in rent. Surveyors calculate that highly cultiva- 

 ted land ought to produce a threefold return, viz. 

 one third of the gross produce to the landlord for 

 rent, another lor the expenses, and the remainder 

 for the farmer's profit ; the rent of inferior land 

 being only a fourth, or even a fifth of the gross 

 produce, by reason of the additional expense of 

 cultivation. — English paper. 



