Vol. XI.-No. n. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



131 



f]uai-ter, and as there has arisen some doubt, res- 

 pecting the identity of two of our old favorite apples, 

 tiie Bourassa and Grise, I send you a poors|>ecitnen 

 of each to settle the question ; these varieties were 

 much injured last winter ; I had not over a dozen 

 on five trees, and all onr ai)plcs arc uncom- 

 monly small and greatly deficient in flavor. 1 al- 

 so send you one of my Indian Prince apples which 

 will be found past its prime, but it is certain, that 

 the tree is very hardy. 



*»»*#.< There is nothing, I believe, more 

 fatal to most plants than too great a degree of 

 moisture in the package — the scions that I re- 

 ceived from the London Horlicnltural Society 

 were packed pafectlij drij, and of eightyfour va- 

 rieties of pears and apples, I am not certain that 

 but one has Uiissed." 



EFFKCTS OF E.\ILVVAYS. 



The Mechanic's Magazine gives a copy of the 

 statement of the balance-sheet of the Liverpool 

 and Manchester Railroad, from the 1st July to 31st 

 December, showing that the undertaking is going 

 on with increased prosperity. To this statement 

 it adds the following abstract from the evidence 

 on the advantages of iluilroads, given on the Lon- 

 don and Birmingham Railway Dill, so scandalous- 

 ly thrown out by the House of Lords: — 



" Before the establishment of the Liverpool and 

 Manchester Railway, there were 22 regular and 

 about, seven occasional extra coaches between 

 those places, which, if full, could only carry per 

 day 088 persons. 'I'he Railway from its commence- 

 ment carried 700,000 persons in 18 nioiulis, an av- 

 erage of 1070 per day. It has not been stopped 

 for a single day. There has occurred but one fa- 1 

 tal accident in IS monihs. The fare by coach was 

 10s. inside, and 5s. outside. By Railway it is as. 

 inside, and Zs. Cd. outside. The time occupied 

 in making the joiu'ney by coach was lour hoiu's ; 

 by Railway it is one hour and three quarters. All 

 the coaehi^s but one have cease<l miming, and 

 that chiefly for the conveyance of parcels. The 

 mails all travel by the Railway, at a saving to 

 (Government of two-thirds of the expense. The 

 Railway coaches are more commodious than oth- 

 ers. The travelling is cheaper, safer and easier. 

 A great deal of traftic, which used to go by other 

 roads, comes now by railway ; bolh time and 

 money are saved, though the length of the jour- 

 ney may be often increased. The jiroportion of 

 passengers carried by Railway over those carried 

 by coach, has been as twentytwo to ten in winter, 

 and eighteen to ten in summer. A regiment of 

 soldiers has been carried by the Railway from 

 Manchester to Liverpool in two hours. Geutle- 

 ineu's carriages are conveyed on trucks by Rail- 

 way. The locomotives travel in safety after dark. 

 The rate of carriage (if goo(is is 10s. per ton — 

 by canal it used to he 15s. per ton. 



"The time occupied in the journey by railway 

 19 two hours — by canal it is twenty hours. Tie 

 canals have reduced their rates thirty per cent. 

 Goods are delivereil in Manchester the same day 

 lliey are received in Liverpool — by canal they 

 were never delivered before the Uiird day. By 

 railway, goods, such as wine and spirits, are net 

 subject to the pilferings which existed on the cr- 

 nals. The saving to manufacturers in the neigh- 

 borhood of Manchester, in the carriage of cotton 

 alone has been £20,000 per annum. Some 

 Jhouses of business save 500/. a year in carr.age. 



Persons now go from Manchester to Liverpool 

 and back in the same day with great ease. For- 

 merly they were generally obliged to be absent 

 the greater part of two days. More persons now 

 travel on their own business. 



" The railway is assessed to the parochial rates 

 in all the parishes through which it passes : 

 though only 31 miles, it pays between 3000i. and 

 4000/. per annimi in parochial rates. Coal ])its 

 have been sunk, and manufactories established on 

 the line, giving increased employment to the poor 

 and thus reducing the number of claimants for pa- 

 rochial relief. The railway pays one fifth of the 

 poor rates in the parishes through which it pas- 

 ses ; fresh coal mines sunk, owing to the facilities 

 Df carriage, and prices reduced. It is found ad- 

 vantageous for the carriage of milk and garden 

 produce ; arrangements about to be made for milk 

 to be carried 15 miles at Is. for ten gallons, i. e. 

 less than one larthing per quart. Mr Babbage ob- 

 serves, in his hook on the Economy of Manufac- 

 tures, ' One point of view, in which rapid modes 

 )f conveyance increase the |)Owcr of a country, 

 ifeserves attention. On the Manchester Railroad, 

 for example, above half a million of persons trav- 

 el annually ; and supposing each person to save 

 only one hour in the time of transit between Man- 

 chester and Liverpool, a saving of five hundred 

 thousand hours, or fifty thousand working days of 

 iPH hours each, is effected. Now this is equiva 

 lent to an aildition to the actual power of the coun 

 try of one hundred and sixtyseven men, without 

 increasing the quantity of food consumed, and it 

 .should also he remarked that the time of the 

 class of men thus supplied, is far more valuable 

 than that of mere laborers.'" 



1 the Ilampsiiiro Gazettes 



CATTLE SHOW. 

 The exhibitions at the annual Show and Fair 

 liist week were not very diflerent from those of 

 preceding years. The reports uf the committees 

 which are to be published hereafter, will notice 

 thoge things that deserve praise. The Hampshire 

 Rjngers from Amherst made a fine appearance. 

 Mr Lawrence, of Belchertown, delivered an ex- 

 cellent address. In the evening. Rev. Mr White 

 of Southampton, gave a judicious, discriminating 

 adc^ress on music, and the performances of the 

 choir under Mr Lucas furnished a treat to the lov- 

 ers of music. 



PRElMItJ.MS ox ANIMALS. 



On Bulls. — Daniel Newhall, Jr. Conway ; 

 John Frink, Northampton ; Elisha Clapp, Deer- 

 field ; Caleb Hubbard, Sunderland ; Joseph Con- 

 nable, Bernardston ; Cotton Graves, Sunderland ; 

 James B. Arms, Deerfield. 



Bidl Calves. — Daniel Newhall, Jr. Conway; 

 Theodore Burt, Northampton ; Elisha Clapp, 

 Deerfield ; Lewis Stebbitis, Springfield. 



Milch Cows. — Daniel Stebbins, Nortliampton ; 

 W. W. Partridge, do. 



2 years old Heifers. — Henry Sargent, Spring- 

 field ; Charles P. Kingsley, Northampton ; Ly- 

 man Kingsley, do. ; Wm. A. Howland, Conway ; 

 Daniel Newhall, Jr. do. ; Jonathan Strong, Jr. 

 Northampton. 



Jf'orking Ozcn. — Milton Smith, Goshen ; Dan- 

 iel Newhall, Jr. Conway ; Ira Clapp, Chester- 

 field ; Ezekiel Wood, do. ; 1. C. Bates, Northamp- 

 ton ; Daniel Williams, Gosheo ; Benjamin Ashley, 

 West Springfield. 



Cattle for Stall. — H. K. Starkweather, North- 

 ampton ; John Fitch, Hatfield; Henry Shepherd, 

 Northampton ; George Cook, do. ; Elisha Graves, 

 do. ; Henry Strong, do. 



Sheep. — Eleazer Coleman, Southampton ; Elea- 

 zer Jiidd, Westliampton ; Roswell Hubbard, 

 Northampton ; E. C. Hunt, do. ; Asahel Potne- 

 roy, do. ; Eleazer Judd, Westhampton. 



Swine. — Consider Cole, Chesterfield ; Samuel 

 Wright, Northampton ; Roswell Hubbard, do. ; 

 Theodore Wright, do. 



Horses. — Davis Baker, Prescott ; Medad Vin- 

 ton, AmhcrBt ; Horace Cole, Chesterfield ; John 

 Frink, Nortliampton ; Salathiel Judd, South Had- 

 1^7- 



" The Yankees For ever.'' — Under this head, the 

 Journal of Commerce mentions the fact, that Bos- 

 ton has given 5 or 6000 dollars to the Cape dc 

 Vcrd sufierers ; Portland, 1800; Newburypcrt, 

 000; Salem as much; Bangor, 348; Ilallownll, 

 300 ; Augusta, 171 ; and Gorham, 130. Charles- 

 town also has contributed 7 or SCO, and other 

 towns near us in [n-oportiiin. New York, it seetns, 

 has so fur given a pittance of $1000 ! 



The vile Yankees I the sordid Yankees ! th-e 

 miserly, penurious Yankees ! how often are those 

 epithets applied in conversation by southern blood 

 and chivalry ; and how readily would New York 

 award herself the palm of liberality over New 

 England ! God forgive us, if we do sometimes 

 feel chafed at the calumnies on New England, so 

 familiaE to the lijis of her southern libellers! and 

 if vvc do sometimes show our deeds as an ofl'set to 

 this foul-mouthed detraction, we hope, it will not 

 be reckoned as vain boasting. New England has 

 always been in tlie very van of benevolence and 

 philanthropy. Abused, libelled, despised and 

 scorned as she is, she has done more for the holy 

 cause of charity, than all the rest of the Union pat 

 together. — .Veivburypisrt Herald. 



Wood Cutting. — An experienced agriculturist 

 informs us that he considers it as an established 

 fact, that the same forest land which produces 

 sixty conls of wood per acre when cut once in 

 twenty years, would produce ninety cords, if tlie 

 wood were cut three times during the same peri- 

 od. He thinks that the rapidity of the growth of 

 wood depends much upon the frequency of cut 

 ting; and that wood-land in general would yield 

 a far greater profit, if cleared as often as once in 

 six or eight years.— Dedham Advertiser. 



Straw.— The Genesee Farmer recommends to 

 spread straw upon laud intended for corn, and 

 plough it in. This may he done by a hand fol- 

 lowing the plough and raking it into the fiirrovy, 

 which should be deep. One ploughing to suffice. 

 The effects of the straw are not felt very much till 

 about the time of earing, when fermentation is 

 powerful, and abundance of gases are evolved, 

 which are taken up by the corn, and cause full 

 ears of large kernels. 



Steam. — Loads amounting to 100 tons have 

 been propelled from Liverpool to Manchester, a 

 distance of thirty miles, in one hour and a half, 

 on the Rail Road ! It would take 100 horses a 

 whole day to perform the same work. 



LAfe of Man. — Man passes his life in reasoning 

 on the past, in complaining of the present, and in 

 trembling for the future. 



