Vol. XI.-No. 1». 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



149 



ly, and mashes of good fresh bran with a httle 

 -round malt. A handful of wheat flour also may 

 hu stiiTKcl into each pail of water. In this way the 

 animal may bo restored and strengthened ; and 



From Holbrook'9 Family Lycou 



GRANITE. 



There was a time when the earth was without 

 form and void — when darkness was upon tlie 



when grass becomes nourishing, and tho weather | j.^^^ ^j. ^i^^ ^j^^p — „,|,g„ ^^^^ gpj|.ij ^j- Qq,) moveil 



'' '" "■"' - " "'""' upon the face of the waters — when it was said let 



dry land appear. 



The fact that our globe was once a general cha- 

 os a vast chaotic ocean, holding in solution the 



elements of rocks, hills, and mountains, is alike 

 disorders of the highest degree, and if curable, as j j,|.Qygj i,y ([,g volume of inspiration, and the older 



favorable, the green fields will efl'ectually recover 

 her. Those are all the internal disorders of cat- 

 tle, except the contagious epidemic, named miir- 

 rai'n, or pest, and the epidemic catarrh, named dis- 

 temper, or influenza. These are inflammatory 

 disorde. 



the latter always is, can be cured only by the most 

 copious early bleeding. An absurd apprehension 

 of fatal debility, and of the putrid nature of the dis- 

 order, must never prevent this remedy fioni being 

 employed with boldness, nor should the animal 

 ever be taken from grass, and the open fields, as 

 is often done in the epidemic catarrh. Contagion, 

 however, must always be guarded against with the 

 utmost care. Tonics and stimulants are poisons in 

 those disorders, and bleeding and grass are the only 

 remedies ever required. I have now endeavored 

 to give a simple, but comprehensive view of the 

 internal disorders of cattle, and such as may lead 



to their prevention. I indulge a hope that the ^ 



proprietors of cattle may be led by this, and the j (v^^.^^ jj^jj^ j^ jo„g f^y ,i,e sacred historian. The 



other essays 1 have written, to reflect upon the 



subject, and give a fair trial to the curative and 



preventive measures I have proposed. It should 



be recollected, however, that the success of the 



remedies I have suggested can be insured only by 



an early and careful application. Disorders are 



<5ften neglected until they become incurable ; and 



then the most absurd and expensive drenches are 



frequently had recourse to. In Downing's book 



olume by the same author — the volume of na- 

 ;ure. On almost every rock, ledge, and mountain 

 mass, are characters indelibly eugraveil, which 

 give abundant proof that Moses spake the words of 

 truth and soberness : that our earth, with all its 

 furniture now offered to our hands, was brought 

 out of the same general chaos, by the same Work- 

 man, and about the same time, as mentioned by 

 the writer of Genesis and several succeeding books. 

 The present aspect of rocks and mountains, not 

 only proves, that all of the very brief but highly 

 interesting account of our planet as given by Mo- 

 ses is true, but it informs more minutely of theva- 



ous steps of its progress in coming to its present 



position, ingredients, and structure of rocks and 

 !)f countries, inform us, not only that the forma- 

 ion of hills, mountains, and metals, has been grad- 

 ual, but show also something of the order of the 

 several steps of this formation. No one ever 

 doubts, who visits the tin and copper mines, and 

 observes that when veins of these two metals cross 

 each other, that the tin is always cut by the cop- 

 per, and never the reverse, that the former is the 



Graphic granite, which takes its name from its 

 having some resenilildnce to writing, is composed 

 principally of felspar, vrith small quantites of quartz 

 running in irregular lines through the mass. This 

 is the rock which, by the decomposition of the fel- 

 spar, is changed into a white clay, sometimes called 

 kaolin, or porcelain clay. 



A beautiful kind of granite, with red or flesh- 

 colored felspar, abounds in Egypt, where it is much 

 used for building, and it is sometimes handsomely 

 polished, and is hence called Egyptian granite. 



Many other varieties of granite might be men- 

 tioned, but the occasion forbids it. 



The Andes, the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Car- 

 pathian, and most or all the highest mountains 

 upon the earth, are composed more orless of granite. 

 In New England, and all the Atlantic States, 

 granite abounds in nearly every town or district. 



Granite countries are generally uneven, precipi- 

 tous, and bold in their appearance, and inter- 

 sected with beautiful and rapid water courses. 

 And as the character of the inhabitants resembles 

 in some measure the features of their country, 

 with the rumbling or the roaring of the mountain 

 streams, are mingled the buzz of wheels, and the 

 clattering of shuttles ; over thickets of rocks wave 

 the richest wheat, and the sides of rivers are lined 

 with flourishing villages, with spires of churches 

 rising above all other objects, to inform the ap- 

 proaching traveller, that among other privileges 

 fitted for physical, inteUeduul, social, moral, and 

 religions beings, they have altars erected and dedi- 

 cated to the Living God. 



on cattle medicine, a pint of port wine and a quart I qJJpjj,, of the two metals. An examination into 

 of strong beer are prescribed for one dose, as » jjjg position and other circumstances connected 

 vehicle for grains of |)aradise and other drugs ; ^j^j^ gi-fmite, gneiss, and mica slate, will satisfy 



and in another receipt a quart of port wine is 

 prescribed for one dose. Sometimes a choice 

 is offered the reader between beer and urine. 



any one that that the first mentioned is the oldest 



that granite was the first substance formed when 



it was said. Let dry land appear. However geol 



as if their properties were similar. The cor- Qgjg,g ^^gy jjfler in other respects, they are all 



dial astringent drench, including the beer, will 

 cost'abiJUt four pence ; the opening drench is more 

 expensive, and costs from a shilling to eighteen 

 pence. But one is always sufficient. The strong 

 cordials given to cattle, or even the beer in which 

 they are given, which is seldom less than a quart, 

 may afford relief in some disorders, but they cer- 

 taiiily weaken the stomach, and thereby increase 

 the tendency to disease. The weaker the cordial 

 the better, provided it be strong enough to produce 

 the desired eft'ect, and then it may be so repeated 

 in, with due attention to diet, to render that efl^ect 

 more durable, and even permanent. In scouring 

 cattle I have not yet known the cordial astringent 

 to fail. Proprietors would find great advantage in 

 directing the medical treatment of their stock 

 themselves, and still more were they to attend care- 

 fully to preventive measures. Were the |>ractice 

 to become general of making hay in the early part 

 «f June, when the grass is in flower, it would go 

 « great way in preventing the diseases of horses 

 and cattle. In the former animal the only other 

 conditions required for the preservation of health, 

 would be to give such hay with moderation, to 

 work U'lm fairly, and afford him such treatment as 

 he has a just claim to, for all his disorders are oc- 

 casioned by hard work, by excessive exertion, and 

 by feeding upon hay. The croji, when cut early, 

 may be less in quantity, but this is abundantly 

 compensated for by its superior quality, and the 

 after grass would be infinitely better. 



agreed in the opinion, that granite is the oldest 

 rodk upon our globe, and that from it and other 

 rooks were formed soils, and that all soils partake 

 of the character of the antiquary rocks. 



As thousands of children under six years of age 

 are now familiar with granite, and the three in- 

 gredients which compose it, many of our readers 

 will think, that a description of this rock, so re- 

 nowned for its antiquity, is unnecessary. We 

 hope, however, that they will pardon us for des- 

 cribin", in a few words, some of the characters of 

 this central and foundation stone of our little 

 planet. 



Quartz, felspar, and mica, the three simple min- 

 erals described in our former nund)ers, or accord- 

 ing to predominance, felspar, quartz, and mica, 

 are the ingredients of granite. In some granite 

 masses, felspar constitutes much the largest part. 

 In others, felspar and quartz form about equal por- 

 tions of the rock. The mica is the least abundant 

 of the three, although it varies much in quantity 

 and arrangement. 



In some masses of granite, one of the three in- 

 gredients is entirely wanting. A species of gran- 

 ite much used in Boston and vicinity, and brought 

 from Cape Ann, is composed entirely of quartz and 

 felspar, the former of a dark color. The materi- 

 al of which the Dedham court-bouse is construct- 

 ed, is a beautiful variety of granite, entirely desti- 

 tute of mica ; the quartz nearly white, which gives 

 the building » light and cheerful complexion. 



J?. /. Societi/for Ihe Encouragement of Domestic 

 Industry. — At the annual meeting of the Society, 

 holden at their Hall in Pawtuxet on the 17th ult. 

 the following officers were elected for the year 

 ensuing. 



James Rhodes, President. 



James D'Woif, 1st Vice President. 



Samdel Slater, 2d Vice President. 



Charles Eldridge, 3d Vice President. 



William Rhodes, Treasurer. 



R. W. Greene, Secretary. 

 Standing Committee. — Jesse Tourtcllott, Dutee 

 Arnold, Christopher Rhodes, Albert C. Greene, 

 Nathan Bowen, Freeborn Sisson, Elisha Olney, 

 John Jenckes, Stephen T.Nortbam, Wilber Kelley, 

 Stephen II. Smith, William E. Richmond, Moses 

 Brown Ives, Bates Harris, Stephen Waterman, of 

 Coventry, Thomas Iloldeu, Sion A. Rhodes, James 

 Anthony, Joel Aldrich, John Pitnam, Jeremiah 

 Whipple, William Anthony, John Brown Francis, 

 Stephen B. Cornell, Lewis Dexter, Nicholas S. 

 Fry, Elisha Olney, Jr. Tully Dorrance, George 

 Barton. 



Auditors.— TMy Dorrance, and Christopher S. 

 Rhodes. Attest, 



R. W. Greene, Secretary. 



Female Society. — Nothing is better adapted to 

 give the last polish to the education of a young 

 man than the conversation of virtuous and accom- 

 plished women. Their society serves to soothe 

 the rough edges of our character and to mellow 

 our tempers. In short the man who has never 

 been acquainted with females of cultivated mindl 

 is not only deprived of many of the purest pleas- 

 ures, but also will have little success in social life ; 

 and I should not like to be connected by the bonds 

 of friendship with a man that has a bad opinion 

 and speaks ill of the female sex in general. 



