TOI.. XI. NO. ai. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



165 



manure as may be on hand, to the poorest part of 

 my corn land, and coutiniie until I am done sow- 

 hig, which is generally late ; as I wait to get the 

 corn hauled off the ground, I am unable to com- 

 mence as early as my neighbors on that kind oC 

 land. It will not do when I have funowcd and 

 dressed oft" my wheat lots to be running carts in 

 for the corn and stalks. 



As to the most economical mode of giving nia- 

 uure to limd, my opinion is, that it will he found 

 in that of applying it hi the preparation for the 

 wheat ci-op, but the prudent farmer nnist give it 

 to something just as fast as he can malte it ready, 

 else not only is the interest lost, but a good per 

 cent, of the jirincipal also. 



I would here suggest an improvement in the 

 plan usually pursued in carting out manure upon 

 the land. It is this — when I am about to com- 

 mence the manuring process, I provide myself 

 with an arm full of small sticks, three or four feet 

 long, newly split out, that they may be the more 

 readily seen by the carters, which I stick down 

 about on the ground to be operated upou, one 

 where evei-y load is to go. Thus, if the limd is 

 jioor, and I design to put fifty loads to the acre, I 

 fix that niunber of sticks, regularly, or irregularly, 

 according to the need of the land as I myself may 

 judge. Thus I can lay oft' two or three days' work 

 for as many carts any time beforehand that suits 

 me. This, I think, is better than the common 

 mode hereabouts. The carter is directed to carry 

 out Ujjou a certain hill or otherwise as may be — he 

 perhaps puts some about and about — on ground 

 that would require fifty loads, he puts twenty ; and 

 on land that would have done with twenty, he puts 

 fifty loads at imsuitable distances from each othei', 

 tJieu, after hands are sent to spread the mamire, 

 perhaps a week or two before the plough goes, 

 and with sticks and hoes, they pull the piles about 

 a little, giving to some spots too much, and to 

 others none ; and tlie consequence is a very ii-regu 

 lar crop. 



In order to do this spreading business well, (and 

 no business of the farmer is more miportant) every 

 hand should be providedwith a long-handle shovel; 

 then at a throw, they can easily spread to the half 

 way distance between the piles. 



Success attend you gentlemen — it is late at 

 night, ;md I am tired, having sown wheat on a very 

 steep knoll of ground to day. J. T. JONES. 



field. The yard should be covered in a great 

 measure by sheds, and the water from the eaves 

 carried away by spouts. Shape the ground so that 

 no water shall run into the yard which falls out- 

 side, and that none that falls in it shall rim out, 

 washing away the strength of the mamire. The 

 fermentation, or rotting of manure, carries oft' into 

 the atmosphere most of the ammonia and other 

 sails and gases which serve to fertilize the earth, 

 and could be saved liy ploughing in the manure 

 green. And it should be ploughed in as soon as 

 carted ouL Or if carted out sometime before 

 jiloughing, leave it in large heaps till ready to be 

 ploughed in. — Kentucky Journal. 



From a Scotch Paper. 

 THE HOPETOUIV OAT. 



No season since the discoveiy of this new va 

 riety in 1829 has afforded so complete a test of its 

 merits, as the present. Oats of every kind have a 

 rich luxuriant appearance this season ; but the 

 Ilopetoun still preserves its superiority in earli 

 ness, length of straw, and closeness of crop. A 

 small field often acres on the farm of Haughland, 

 near Elgin, was sown the 16th of Blarch ou a 

 wheat stubble, and had about ten single cart loads 

 of manure per acre. The whole was fully in ear 

 on tlie 10th of July, and should the weather prove 

 dry and warm, might be expected to be shorn on 

 the 10th or 12th of August. Last year the Hope- 

 toun oat was cut on that farm, the 11th of August. 

 Persons of skill have valued the field at 10 quarters 

 per acre. This variety seems therefore well de- 

 serving the attention and culture of farmers. 



you would not think it possible that a being, like 

 that which we have mentioned, could for one 

 moment resist their fury. It is actually related of 

 the North American Indians, a race of men, who 

 are trained from their infancy, to the total sup- 

 jiression of their emotions of every kin<l, and who 

 endure the most excruciating tonnents at the stake 

 without signs of suff'erlng, that when they wit- 

 nessed, for the first time, on the western waters 

 of the United States the s])ectacle of a steamboat 

 under way, moving along without sails or oars, 

 spouting fire and smoke, they could not refrain 

 from exclamations of wonder. Hold out a hand- 

 ful of wheat or Indian corn, to a person wholly 

 uninformed of their nature, and ignorant of the 

 mode of cultivating them, and tell him tliat by 

 scattering these dry kernels abroad and burying 

 them in the cold damp ground, you can cause a 

 harvest to spring up, sufficient for a winter's sup- 

 ply of food, and he will think you are mocking- 

 lain, by vain and extravagant tales. But it is not 

 less true, that m these and every other instance, it 

 is the mind of man, possessed of the necessary 

 knowledge and skill that brings into useful opera- 

 tion, for the supply of hiunan want, and the sup- 

 port and comfort of human life, tlie iiropertics and 

 treasures of the natural world, the aid of inferior 

 ajiunals, and even our own physical powers. 



When therefore we miprove our minds, by the 

 acquisition of useful knowledge, we appropriate to 

 ourselves, and extend to others, to whom we may 

 impart our knowledge, a share of his natural con- 

 trol over all other things, which Providence has 

 granted to his rational children." 



MANURES. 



Ik England where population is crowded, and 

 the price of land high, agriculture is more studied 

 and carried to greater perfection. Divers experi- 

 ments have satisfied careful English agriculturists 

 that a great portion of the strength of stable and 

 barnyard manure is wasted by evaporation. Mr. 

 Formby, a farmer near Liverpool, has ascertained 

 by carei'ul experiment, that the manure which he 

 purchased in the city stables, in narrow yards, and 

 between high brick walls, protected from the sun 

 and w'mds, trodden down and rooted over by pigs, 

 and altogether green, or unrotted, is twice as fer- 

 tilizing as that from his own barnyard, although 

 he also has pigs in his barnyard ; but his yard is 

 large, and exposed to the sun and winds. Blany 

 of the English farmers, and some in this country, 

 construct their barnyards with a large vault or 

 cistern, on the lower side of the yard, so as to re- 

 ceive the wash of the yard, with a large wooden 

 fawcet on the downhill side, to draw it directly 

 into vats or tubs set on wheels and drawn into the 



Extract of an Address delivered before a Society of 

 Mechanics, by Hon. Edward Everett. 

 " I have the pleasure to be acquainted with a 

 person who was brought up at the trade of a 

 leather-dresser, and has all his life worked and 

 still works at this business — he has devoted his 

 leisure hours, and a portion of his honorable eani- 

 gs, to the cultivation of useful and elegant leani- 

 g ; under the same roof which covers his store 

 and workshop, he has the most excellent library 

 of English books with which I am acquainted ; 

 tlie books have been selected with a good judg- 

 ment, which would do credit to the most accom- 

 plished scholar, and have been imported from 

 England by himself — what is more important than 

 books, the proprietor is well acquamted with their 

 contents ; among them are several volumes of the 

 most costly and magnificent engravings. Con- 

 nected with his library is an exceedingly interest- 

 ing series of paintmgs in water colors — which a 

 fortunate accident placed in his possession, an<l 

 several valuable pictures purchased by liimsell". 

 The whole forms a treasure of taste and know- 

 ledge, not surpassed, if equalled by any tiling of 

 its kind m the countiy. 



" It is through the mind, that man has obtained 

 the mystery of nature and all its elements, and 

 subjected the inferior races of animals to himself. 

 Take an uninformed savage, a brutalized Hotten- 

 tot, in short any human being, in whom the divine 

 spark of reason has never been kindled to a flame ; 

 and place him on the sea-shore, m a furious storm, 

 when the waves are roUing in as if the fountains 

 of the deep were broken up. Did you not know, 

 from actual exjierience that man from the cultiva- 

 tion of his mind, and the application of his useful 

 arts, had actually constructed vessels, in which he 

 floats securely on the lop of these angry waves, 



Intemperance and Cholera. The number of 

 deaths produced by the Cholera, among the adult 

 population of Albany, was 336. Competent and 

 trustworthy persons have investigated the charac- 

 ter and liabils of each of tliese 336 patients, and 

 the particular cu-cumstances attending every one, 

 and the details of their examination fill an entire 

 sheet ot' the Albany Temperance Recorder. Of 

 the 336 fatal cases, 213 were males, and 123 fe- 

 males ; 171 were native whites, 24 blacks, 138 

 foreigners, mostly Irish, and 3 unknown. Their 

 habits were as follows : — 



Intemperate, 140 



Free drinkers, 55 



Moderate drinkers, mostly habitual, . 131 

 Strictly temperate, ....... 5 



Members of the Temperance Society, 2 



Idiot l,imknown 2, 3 



336 



The names, residences, and occupations of all are 

 in tlie possession of the publishers, but are omit- 

 ted in tlie publication out of regard to surviving 

 friends. The members of the Medical Staff" at- 

 tached to the Board of Health, recommend the 

 puMication and general circulation of this detailed 

 statement. 



The Salt Manufacture. About 10,000 feet have 

 been added to the salt manufactories in this coimty 

 during the present year. The whole number of 

 feet is now about 1,425,000. The average quanti- 

 ty of salt manufactured to the thousand feet is less 

 during the present season than on the preceding. 

 The whole amount made m this county, during 

 1832, is not materially short of 356,250 bushels.. 

 — Bamstahle Journal. 



