230 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



JABTUARY 30, 1833. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMEK. 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JAN. 30, IR33. 



FARMER'S WORK. 



Cutting Trees for Reproduction. General J. 

 Nevvhall, of Lynnfield, Mass., states, that " Hav- 

 ing wood land from which I have cut annually, 

 for several years past, from twenty to fifty cords 

 of wood, it has been my practice to have it cut at 

 tlie time and in the manner that would best insure 

 a strong and vigorous growth of sprouts. To ef- 

 fect this purpose I never allow a tree to be cut till 

 after the autumnal frosts have caused the leaves to 

 fall, and the sap to descend to the roots, nor later 

 in the vernal season than the middle of April. 

 The manner of cutting is to leave the stumps 

 uearly on a level with the surface of the groimd, 

 from which the suckers are much more strong 

 and vigorous, and less liable to be injured by high 

 winds, than a growth from stumps rut twelve or 

 fifteen inches high, as is the practice of some. 



" Pursuing this course I have never been dis- 

 appointed, and have now on land, from which 

 trees were cut in the midst of winter, a growth of 

 sprouts of the most vigorous and promising ap- 

 pearance. 



" Respecting large trees, the growth of cen- 

 turies, cut tliem at whatsoever season you please 

 there is scarcely one stump in a thousand that 

 will produce suckers. 



" In a community where fuel is an expensive 

 article every proprietor of woodland should manage 

 it in such a way, as not only to be profitable to 

 himself, but as shall preserve the growth for the 

 generation to come." 



QAIjVES. 



Those which are brought forth early are gen- 

 erally best for raising, as they will endure the 

 first winter better: and, if heifers, will gener- 

 ally be with calf a year sooner than those which 

 are calved late. The most promising calves 

 should be selected for rearing, and the rest fatted 

 and killed. There are three methods of feeding 

 calves; the first is, to let them run about with 

 their dams the whole of the first year ; a plan, 

 which is productive of the best cattle, though not 

 the least expensive. A second mode, recommend- 

 ed by Dr. Deane, is to take the calf from the cow 

 the next day after it is calved, and let it have only 

 two teats of the cow to suck during the first week, 

 three during the second, and all during the third 

 and fourth ; and m this way he says they will be 

 fatter in the end than if they had all at first. The 

 teats which are not given them should be previous- 

 ly milked. 



Mowbray says " the calf may be sold (or taken 

 away from the cow) ai soon as it has drawn 

 off the beastingg, or first milk, unless any coring 

 or defect in the cow's udder or teats may render 

 it desirable for the calf to suck a few days, in 

 order that the action may clear off any obstruc- 



tions, for which the hutting of the calf's head is 

 generally the best remedy. If intended to be fat- 

 tened for the butcher, it must be kept in a pen, 

 particularly dry and clean, suckled twice a day at 

 egular hoius, always have the first, which is the 

 thinnest of the milk, and not be permitted to over- 

 charge its stomach. Lumps of soft chalk are 

 usually placed for the calf to lick, as an absorbent 

 to neutralize those acidities engendered in the 

 stomach from feeding on milk. It seldom pays 

 to fatten a calf beyond ten or twelve weeks. 



Weaning and rearing Calves. A calf may Ije 

 weaned by being gradually accustomed to suck milk 

 in a pail through the fingers. Many are reared on 

 very little milk mixed with hay-tea, linseed or 

 other slops ; fed on straw in the winter, and in 

 summer on the common — such cannot be expect- 

 ed to turn to much account. The best cattle are 

 reared from the teats well wintered in good shelter, 

 and full fed, until they attain their proper growth. 

 Warmth and dry lodging are of the utmost con- 

 sequence to the improvement of all young ani- 

 mals. Calves may, however, be reared to good 

 profit by being suffered to suck a very moderate 

 quantity daily, the bulk of their food consisting of 

 skimmed milk thickened with oat or wheat-meal ; 

 their winter food being carrots or Swedish-ttu-nips 

 sliced, and oat-straw, with a small quantity of liay 

 daily. 



For the New England Farmtr. 

 DISEASE IN OXEN. 



Mr. Fessenden. — Sir, in answer to you and 

 your correspondent, at Dunstable, as to the cause 

 anil cure of a holdfast — I believe it is always 

 caused by either a tooth, or teeth, irritating the 

 inside of the cheek, or a severe injury done to the 

 pait. As to the cure, in the first case, the far- 

 mers in this vicinity liave cured their cattle by 

 extracting the tooth or teeth that caused the irri- 

 tation, and consequent callous. After the offend- 

 ing tooth or tcetli are extracted the holdfast sub- 

 sides by degrees until it ultimately disappears. 

 As to the instrument for extracting the teeth of 

 cattle any ingenious blacksmith can make one of 

 iron something similar to tliose used by dentists, 

 only larger. As to the latter cause I should think 

 it rSther diflicult to cure on account of the injui-y 

 done the bone — I shall however have as much 

 faith in the application of some stimulating oint- 

 ment as any thing. If your correspondent suc- 

 ceeds in curing his ox I wish he would give the 

 public the facts. Yours, C. B. H. 



L., J\r. H., Jan. 21, 1833. 



ITEMS OP INTEL.L.IGE1\'CE. 



President's Message. Tise Presideirt of the 

 United States has communicated to Congress a 

 long and able Message relative to the present 

 aspect of South Carolina policy. To give a 

 synopsis of this would be as impracticable for us 

 as it is unnecessary. Some brief sketches of the 

 facts it asserts and deductions drawn from such 

 fects are all we shall attempt. 



The Message asserts tlie S. C. Convention on 



the 24th of Nov. last, passed an Ordinance de- 

 claring certain acts of Congress therein mentioned, 

 within the limits of that State to be absolutely null 

 and void, and jnaking it the duty of the Legisla- 

 ture to pass such laws as woidd be necessary to 

 carry the declaration into effect from and after the 

 1st of February next. It asserts also that the 

 State authorities of S. C. are actively organizing 

 their military resources— that a recent Proclama- 

 tion of the Governor, of S. C, has openly defied 

 the authority of the Executive of the Union, and 

 general orders from the liead-quartcrsof the State, 

 have announced his determination to accept the 

 services of volunteers, to "hold themselves in 

 readiness to take the field at a moment's warning," 

 and a rendezvous has been opened for the pur- 

 pose of enlisting men for the magazine and muni- 

 cipal guards. That the Conns of the U. S. shall 

 have neither original nor appellate jurisdiction in 

 cases arising out of die nullification-ordinances and 

 laws. After stating many other acts of similar 

 nature and tendency the Message continues. 



" By these various proceedings, therefore, the 

 State of South Carolina has forced the General 

 Government to decide tlie new and dangerous al- 

 ternative of permitting a State to obstruct the exe- 

 cution of the laws within its limits, or seeing it at- 

 tempt to execute a threat of withdrawing from the 

 Union." It is then shown that allowing the acts 

 complained off are oppressive and unconstitution- 

 al, the uullifiers have mistaken their remedy. " If 

 the Federal Government exercise powers not war- 

 ranted by the Constitution, and immediately af- 

 fecting individuals, it will scarcely be denied that 

 the peculiar remedy is a recourse to the judiciary." 

 South Carolina " has set her own will and author- 

 ity above the laws, has made herself arbiter in 

 her own case, and has passed at once over all in- 

 termediate steps to the measures of avowed re- 

 sistance, which, unless they be submitted to can 

 be enforced only by the sword." The Message 

 shows the absurdity of South Carolina's claiming 

 to be a component part of the Union, and partici- 

 pating in the national councils, and sharing in the 

 public benefits, without contributing to the burth- 

 ens ; "asserting the dangerous anomaly of con- 

 tinuing in an association without acknowledging 

 any other obligation to its laws than what depends 

 upon her own will." 



The duties of the President and Congress in 

 such a crisis are then pointed out, and the revival 

 of former laws with some modifications, which 

 were enacted to enforce obedience to the laws of 

 the United States is recommended. The prosper- 

 ity, which the nation has enjoyed under the Fed- 

 eral Union for forty-four years is adverted to ; 

 and the Message c.oncludes with an aspiration 

 " that tlie Great Ruler of Nations may so guide 

 your deliberations and our joint measures as that 

 they may prove salutary examples, not only to 

 the present, but to future times, and solemnly 



